早期饲喂与禁食对新生肉雏消化系统和免疫器官发育规律的研究

选择160只刚出壳且卵黄吸收良好的AA肉仔鸡,随机分成2组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡,一组为早期饲喂组,另一组为早期禁食组。分别在雏鸡出壳和1、2、3、5、7日龄时,从各重复组任取2只鸡,称重后解剖。取胰腺测定胰腺淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性;取空肠测定蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性;取脾脏和法氏囊,称重,计算各免疫器官指数;摘取卵黄囊,称重,测卵黄囊液中鸡新城疫抗体水平。结果表明:(1)体重。早期饲喂组鸡的体重显著大于早期禁食组的鸡(p<0.05)。早期禁食组的鸡在禁食期间体重逐日下降,至48h龄时体重下降了4.1g,开始饲喂后体重才回升。而早期饲喂组鸡的体重则逐日增加。(2)免疫器官。早期饲喂组鸡的法氏囊指数和脾脏指数与早期禁食组的鸡比较差异显著(p<0.05),早期饲喂能促进免疫器官内部淋巴细胞的分化与增殖,并能提高卵黄囊中鸡新城疫抗体水平,组间差异显著(p<0.05)。(3)酶活性。早期饲喂组鸡的胰腺淀粉酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶的活性和空肠淀粉酶的活性都高于早期禁食组的鸡(p<0.05),空肠蛋白酶的活性组间差异不显著(p>0.05)。早期禁食组的鸡在禁食期间,未测到空肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶的活性。(4)卵黄囊。早期饲喂组的鸡与早期禁食组的鸡比较,卵黄囊重差异不显著(p>0.05),但有降低趋势。

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGESTIRE SYSTEM AND IMMUNE SYSTEM WITH EARLY FEEDDING AND FASTING FOR NEW-BORN BROILERS

160 newly hatched broilers were randomly assignedto the eight groups.Each four groups consisted of the one treatment i.e.the early feeding treatment and the early fasting treatment.All groups received the same diet.On the hatching and the day 1,2,3,5,7 after hatching,2 chicks from each group were weighed and killed,the activities of amylase,lipase and trypsin from pancreas and the antibody level of yolk sac liquid were measured.The result indicated that the average live weight of broilers receiving early feeding was higher than that of the early fasting(p<0.05);the activitiesof amylase,lipase and trypsin frompancreas and amylase in jejunum of early feeding broilers were higher than that of early fasting broilers(p<0.05).Compared with early fasting broilers,early feeding broilers have higher relative weight of immune organs(p<0.05).The weight of yolk sac of early feeding broilers was not significant difference to that of early fasting broilers(p>0.05).