沙田柚新品种桂柚1号果实生长发育规律观测

目的]观测桂柚1号果实生长发育规律,为制定其栽培管理技术措施提供科学依据.方法]田间观察桂柚1号开花期及果实成熟期,每10d用游标卡尺测量果实纵、横径,用Origin 6.0软件进行数据分析并绘制生长曲线和增长率曲线图.结果]桂柚1号初花期在4月上中旬,盛花期在4月中下旬,谢花期在4月下旬～5月上旬,果实成熟期在10月下旬～11月上中旬;果实生长曲线呈大S形,果径的生长曲线前期上升较慢,中期上升较快,达到高峰后逐渐趋于平缓;2011年5月横径和纵径的增长率分别为50.61％和65.22％,6月的增长率分别为96.83％和116.79％,7月的分别为70.34％和58.09％; 2012年5月20～30日横径和纵径的增长率分别为36.53％和41.32％,6月的增长率分别为59.05％和62.65％,7月分别为16.04％和12.59％,8月以后,纵、横径增长减缓,增长率下降至10.00％以下.结论]桂柚1号果实的整个生长发育分4个时期,即缓慢增长期、迅速增长期、平缓增长期和停止增长期;纵、横径生长高峰出现在5～7月,其中6月是生长最快的时期.

Fruit growth and development of new Shatian pomelo variety Guiyou No.1

Objective]The fruit growth and development law of Guiyou No.1 pomelo was observed to provide scientific references for technical measures of cultivation management.Method] Periods of florescence and fructescence were observed in fields.Fruit vertical and horizontal diameters were measured every 10 d by vernier caliper.Growth curves and increment rate curves were mapped in Origin 6.0.Result]The initial stage of flower of Guiyou No.1 pomelo was in early and middle April,florescence stage in late April,and withering in late May.Fruits matured in late October to November.The fruit growth curve showed S-shape which meant increment of fruit diameter rise in a slow rate in early time,acceleration at mid then leveling after reaching peak.Increment rates of fruit horizontal and vertical diameter of 2011 were measured as 50.61％ and 65.22％ in May 96.83％ and 116.79％ in June,and 70.34％ and 58.09％ in July.Then increment rates of fruit horizontal and vertical diameter of 2012 were 36.53％ and 41.32％ in May,59.05％ and 62.65％ in June,and 16.04％ and 12.59％ in July.Increment rates of horizontal and vertical diameter were both decreased to below 10％ after August.Conclusion] The fruit growth curve of Guiyou No.1 pomelo was divided into four periods：slow growth,rapid growth,steady growth and ceased growth.The peak of horizontal and vertical diameter increment both appeared between May to July,in which June was the fastest growing month.