沙棘开花动态、花粉生活力和柱头可授性研究

[目的]为沙棘的配伍雄株选择、杂交育种及栽培品种选择提供理论依据。[方法]野外调查了引进沙棘品种的花期物候、风媒传粉特征，对其花粉生活力、柱头可授性及单花花粉量等进行了检测。【结果1沙棘风媒传粉发生在5月初，雌株花期10～12d，雄株花期12～15d；重力玻片法检测表明，离花粉源20m（无刺雄）和25m（阿列伊）左右远的地点花粉密度最大。刚开花时花粉生活力达到90％以上，在干、湿2种保存条件下，花粉生活力都随着保存时间的延长显著下降（P〈0．05）。干燥条件下，生活力能维持4d，从第4d开始生活力显著下降（P〈0．05），在第10d时丧失生活力。而湿润条件下，花粉仅保存2d就完全丧失生活力。沙棘柱头的可授性是在开花后第2d，持续大约8d。[结论]雄株无刺雄和阿列伊是较为优良的授粉品种。

Flowering Dynamic,Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Hippohae rhamnoides Linn.

[ Objective ] It provides the theory basis on eompatiblity male plant selection cross breeding and selection of cultivars for Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.. [ Method] The flowering phenology and characteristics of wind pollination of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. cultivars intro- duced were investigated in field. We examined pollen viability, stigmatic receptivity and pollen production in this species respectively. [ Re- suit] The pollination period stretched from early May. The female flowering phase last about 10 - 12 d, male flowers flowering phase last about 12 - 15 d. The results of gravity slide indicated the highest pollen density appeared at about 20 m （Wucixiong） and 25 m （Alieyi） away of the pollen source. The pollen viability was higher than 90% at the blooming day. The pollen viability was significantly decreased with the increasing of reservation time under dry and wet conditions. The pollen viability could last about 4 d under dry condition, and significantly decreased from then, lost absolutely viability in 10th day. The pollen viability lost absolutely when reserved only 2 d under wet condition. The stigma had receptivity when second day after blooming, and the receptivity could last about 8 d. [ Conclusion ] Wucixiong and Alieyi are good pollination varieties.