施用沼肥对西瓜苗期病虫害、产量和甜度的影响

[目的]探索施用沼肥对西瓜的苗期病虫害发生率、产量和甜度产生的影响。[方法]采取单因子小区试验,3个处理,3次重复,每个小区20 m2,施统一基肥和追肥,调查苗期田间病虫害发病率,小区测产,测定甜度。[结果]施用沼肥、饼肥和化肥西瓜苗期病害(炭疽病、疫病)、虫害(蚜虫、黄守瓜)的发生率依次是1.01%和1.41%、2.30%和5.72%、3.15%和10.38%;施用沼肥、饼肥、化肥产量依次为41 925.00、37 250.25、36 500.25 kg/hm2,甜度为11.15%、11.05%、10.40%。[结论]施用沼肥能够降低西瓜苗期病虫害发生率,提高产量,改善西瓜甜度。

Effects of Biogas Fertilizer on Pest and Disease Damages, Yield and Sweetness of Watermelon

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of biogas fertilizer on occurrence rates of disease and pest damages,yield and sweetness of watermelon in seedling period.[Method] A single-factor design of experiment was conducted,involving three treatments and three repetitions.In addition,every experimental plot is 20 m2 and both of base fertilizer and top dressing were fixed.Hence,the occurrence rates of disease and pest damages,yield and sweetness of watermelon can be measured during seedling period,accordingly.[Result] The occurrence rates of diseases,such as anthracnose and epidemic disease,and pest damages,such as aphid and Aulacophora femoralis were 1.01% and 1.41%,2.30% and 5.72%,and 3.15% and 10.38% after biogas manure,cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were applied during seedling period.The yields were 41 925.00,37 250.25 and 36 500.25 ky per hectare,and sweetnesses were 11.15%,11.05% and 10.40% of watermelon applied by biogas manure,cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.[Conclusion] The application of biogas fertilizer would reduce occurrence rates of disease and pest damages,and improve yield and sweetness of watermelon,accordingly.