中国主栽水稻品种微卫星标记数据库的初步构建

以前期筛选的微卫星标记为基础，并在4个染色体上增加新标记，进一步检测了63个主栽常规稻品种和杂交稻亲本，推荐了24个微卫星标记（每条染色体2个）作为水稻品种鉴别的标记；除了63个常规稻品种和杂交稻亲本外，这24个标记还应用于检测41个主栽杂交稻组合，并确定了各个标记在试验材料中检测到的等位基因类型。通过杂交稻组合与其亲本的标记匹配性检验，确认了杂交稻母本的高真实性，提高了恢复系数据的可靠性，剔除了1个假杂交稻，建立了103个水稻材料×24个标记的主栽水稻品种微卫星标记数据库，并分析了数据库中各个标记、各组材料的多态性表现。此外，还讨论了材料真实性和典型性对数据库构建的影响，提出了水稻品种间差异判别标准的建议及其应用风险和解决途径。

Construction and Testing of Primary Microsatellite Database of Major Rice Varieties in China

Sixty-three major conventional varieties and parental lines of major F_ 1 hybrids used in the commercial rice production in China were assayed with microsatellite markers screened in a previous study and additional markers on four chromosomes. A set of 24 markers was selected and proposed for its application in the variety identification of rice, which are distributed on all the 12 rice chromosomes with two markers on each chromosome. The 63 major varieties and parental lines, as well as 41 major F_ 1 hybrids, were genotyped with the markers, and alleles detected at each marker locus were verified. By matching marker genotypes of corresponding F_ 1 , maternal and paternal lines of hybrid rice, high reliability of the maternal lines was verified, data on paternal lines were modified, and a false hybrid was removed. A database containing genotype data of 103 major rice varieties and parental lines at the 24 marker loci was constructed and analyzed. The influence of the authenticity of rice materials on the database quality was discussed, and a threshold for microsatellite marker-based variety identification in rice and an approach for authentification of rice materials and genotype data were proposed.