Species,ecotype and cultivar differences in spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice in response to high temperature stress |
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| Institution: | 1. Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0500, USA;2. USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611-0695, USA;3. Crop, Soil and Water Science Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines;1. Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru 570020, India;2. Flour Milling, Baking & Confectionery Technology Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru 570020, India;1. Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Northern japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, P.R.China;2. Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, P.R.China;3. Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;1. Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen City, Viet Nam;1. International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines;2. National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan;1. School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia;2. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia;3. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines;4. School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;5. Rice Research and Development Institute, Department of Agriculture, Batalagoda, Ibbagamuwa, 60500, Sri Lanka |
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| Abstract: | Spikelet fertility (seed-set) is an important component of yield that is sensitive to high temperature. The objectives of this research were (a) to quantify the effects of high temperature on spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice; (b) to determine if there were species, ecotype, and/or cultivar differences in response to high temperature; and (c) to understand the reasons for lower and/or differential spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice cultivars at high temperatures. Fourteen rice cultivars of different species (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima), ecotypes (indica and japonica) and origin (temperate and tropical) were exposed to ambient and high temperature (ambient + 5 °C) at Gainesville, Florida. High temperature significantly decreased spikelet fertility across all cultivars, but effects varied among cultivars. Based on decreases in spikelet fertility at high temperature, cultivar N-22 was most tolerant, while cultivars L-204, M-202, Labelle, Italica Livorna, WAB-12, CG-14 and CG-17 were highly susceptible and cultivars M-103, S-102, Koshihikari, IR-8 and IR-72 were moderately susceptible to high temperature. There were no clear species or ecotype differences, as some cultivars in each species or within ecotypes of tropical and temperature origin were equally susceptible to high temperature (for example M-202 temperate japonica, Labelle tropical japonica, CG-14 O. glaberrima, and WAB-12 interspecific). Decreased spikelet fertility and cultivar difference at high temperature were due mainly to decreased pollen production and pollen reception (pollen numbers on stigma). Lower spikelet fertility at elevated temperature resulted in fewer filled grains, lower grain weight per panicle, and decreased harvest index. There is a potential for genetic improvement for heat tolerance, thus it is important to screen and identify heat-tolerant cultivars. Spikelet fertility at high temperature can be used as a screening tool for heat tolerance during the reproductive phase. |
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