Rice landrace diversity in Nepal: Variability of agro-morphological traits and SSR markers in landraces from a high-altitude site |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Agriculture Botany Division, Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Nepal;2. CAZS, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK;3. IPGRI, Via dei tre Denari 472/a 00057 Maccarese, Rome, Italy;4. IPGRI-APO (Nepal), 10 Dharmashila Budhha Marg, Nadipur Patan, Ward No. 3, Pokhara, Nepal;1. Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD), c/o CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal;2. Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal;3. CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK;4. Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), P.O. Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal;5. National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal;6. Social Upliftment through Participatory Programmes, Research and Training (SUPPORT) Foundation, P.O. Box 24, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal;1. National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India;2. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhatisgarh, India;3. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Maruteru, AP, India;4. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India;5. Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Faizabad, UP, India;6. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India;7. Rajendra Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India;8. Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India;9. Central Agricultural University, Umiam, Meghalaya, India;10. Jawahar Lal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Reewa, MP, India;11. Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India;12. ICAR-Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India;13. ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India;14. Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, TN, India;15. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture & Research Institute, Karikal, Puducherry, India;p. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Aduthurai, TN, India;q. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India;r. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines;1. Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America;2. Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Beaumont, Texas 77713, United States of America;3. Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, United States of America;4. Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Science, Rice Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160, United States of America;1. Biotechnology, Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, Hyderabad 30, India;2. School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India;3. Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, Hyderabad 30, India;2. Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India;3. Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, Telangana, India;1. Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India;2. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India |
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| Abstract: | Nepal has a wide diversity of rice landraces in all rice-growing areas from low to high altitude. A baseline survey in Jumla, a high-altitude site (2200–3000 m), identified rice landraces with different names that differed in phenotype and were adapted to the extreme high-altitude environment. Jumli Marshi was the most common traditional rice variety, accounting for 85% of samples collected. The genetic diversity of these landraces was assessed by agro-morphological variability and microsatellite marker polymorphism. Forty-two qualitative and quantitative traits and 39 microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, SSR) markers were assessed among accessions with 10 different names. The accessions showed low morphological diversity with an average Shannon Weaver diversity index of 0.23. Only 16 morphological traits showed significant variation among the accessions. Discriminant function analysis showed that only 36% of accessions could be clustered according to name by morphological traits. Only one SSR locus was polymorphic, distinguishing only one accession. The names used by farmers to describe the phenotypic characteristics of panicle and grains were inconsistent indicators of genetic identity. We conclude that the Jumla landrace population has a narrow genetic base. The diversity detected was sufficiently low for it to be possible that there was a single origin for all of the Jumla landraces. |
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