Modeling chickpea growth and development: Nitrogen accumulation and use |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 386, Gorgan, Iran;2. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia;3. Agricultural Production Systems Research Unit, DPI, Toowoomba, Qld 4035, Australia;1. Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India;2. College of Agricultural Engineering, Madakasira-515301, Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India;1. The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling and Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin''an 311300, China;2. Hebei North College, Zhangjiakou 075000, China;3. Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada;1. Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany;2. Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany;1. CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Private Bag 5, PO Wembley, WA 6913, Australia;2. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, PO Box 23, Kingaroy, QLD 4610, Australia;3. CSIRO Agricultural Flagship, GPO Box 1666, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Quantitative information regarding nitrogen (N) accumulation and its distribution to leaves, stems and grains under varying environmental and growth conditions are limited for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The information is required for the development of crop growth models and also for assessment of the contribution of chickpea to N balances in cropping systems. Accordingly, these processes were quantified in chickpea under different environmental and growth conditions (still without water or N deficit) using four field experiments and 1325 N measurements. N concentration (N]) in green leaves was 50 mg g−1 up to beginning of seed growth, and then it declined linearly to 30 mg g−1 at the end of seed growth phase. N] in senesced leaves was 12 mg g−1. Stem N] decreased from 30 mg g−1 early in the season to 8 mg g−1 in senesced stems at maturity. Pod N] was constant (35 mg g−1), but grain N] decreased from 60 mg g−1 early in seed growth to 43 mg g−1 at maturity. Total N accumulation ranged between 9 and 30 g m−2. N accumulation was closely linked to biomass accumulation until maturity. N accumulation efficiency (N accumulation relative to biomass accumulation) was 0.033 g g−1 where total biomass was <218 g m−2 and during early growth period, but it decreased to 0.0176 g g−1 during the later growth period when total biomass was >218 g m−2. During vegetative growth (up to first-pod), 58% of N was partitioned to leaves and 42% to stems. Depending on growth conditions, 37–72% of leaf N and 12–56% of stem N was remobilized to the grains. The parameter estimates and functions obtained in this study can be used in chickpea simulation models to simulate N accumulation and distribution. |
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