Growth,competition, yields advantage and economics in soybean/pigeonpea intercropping system in semi-arid tropics of India: II. Effect of nutrient management |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Fisheries, Aquaculture and Agricultural Systems Research Center, Palmas, State of Tocantins, Brazil;2. São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agricultural Science, Department of Crop Science, Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil;3. EMBRAPA, Rice and Beans Research Center, Santo Antônio de Goiás, State of Goiás, Brazil;4. São Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Andradina, State of São Paulo, Brazil;5. UNESP, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding, Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil;1. College of Post Graduate Studies (CAU), Umiam, India;2. ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India;3. Carbon Sequestration and Management Center, Ohio State University, USA;4. Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India;1. The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, HS Konsult AB, Box 271, SE-701 45 Örebro, Sweden;2. Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, SE-521 32 Skara, Sweden;1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China;2. Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China;3. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | Low native nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) coupled with imbalanced nutrient application is a major constraint limiting productivity of intercropping systems on Vertisols of the semi-arid tropical India. In a 3-year field experiment competition behaviour of component crops for nutrients use in soybean/pigeonpea intercropping system was assessed based on relative yield (RY), relative nitrogen yield (RNY) and relative phosphorus yield (RPY) under three nutrient levels (0 NPK, 100% NPK (N:P:K = 30:26:25 kg ha−1) and 100% NPK + 4 t FYM ha−1). The result showed that before soybean harvest, the RY and RNY of soybean were greater (1.0) than the corresponding values of RY and RNY of pigeon pea (0.6). This implied that competition exists for soil N between the component crops during the first half of the cropping system. It was observed that soybean harvest did not coincide with peak flowering of pigeonpea, the stage when biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) was maximum. Thus, BNF dependency of pigeonpea was low before soybean harvest and the plants suffered from N deficiency more when no fertilizer-N was applied and diminished at a high-N level. Pigeon pea attained its peak flowering after the harvest of soybean and increased its dependency on BNF when soil N was exhausted by soybean. Thus, after the harvest of soybean, RY and RNY of pigeon pea gradually increased and approached 1.0 at maturity at all nutrient levels. The RPY values showed that phosphorus was not the limiting factor to any of the crop in the system even if it was not applied. The study thus suggests that in the soybean/pigeonpea intercropping system, N is a limiting factor for growth of pigeonpea intercrop during the first half of its growth and application of 100% NPK (30 kg N) + 4 t FYM could meet N demand of pigeonpea in N deficient soils as this nutrient management option gave higher yield, root length density and profit under soybean/pigeonpea intercropping system than 100% NPK and control. |
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