甘蔗绵蚜为害损失研究

甘蔗绵蚜Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner是现今广泛分布于我国各甘蔗种植区,严重影响甘蔗产量和品质的叶部害虫。为探明现有生产水平条件下甘蔗绵蚜对甘蔗实测产量及糖分的为害损失和对新植宿根出苗的影响情况,给甘蔗绵蚜的科学有效防控提供理论依据和翔实的实测数据。本研究于2014—2016年,选择主栽品种,同田设立为害区和未为害区,调查评估绵蚜为害对新植宿根出苗的影响,甘蔗成熟期分别收砍称量和测定分析甘蔗产量及糖分含量,并计算甘蔗实测产量及糖分损失。研究结果显示,甘蔗实测产量减少2 503~4 123kg/667m~2,平均3 079kg/667m~2;产量损失率为28.5%~45.7%,平均35.9%;出汁率减少2.4%~4.13%,平均3.01%;甘蔗糖分降低5.48%~8.16%,平均6.38%;蔗汁锤度降低6.95~9.05°BX,平均7.66°BX;蔗汁重力纯度降低8.43%~19.97%,平均12.35%;而蔗汁还原糖分则增加1.01%~1.3%,平均1.21%;新植出苗率降低24.7%~27.3%,平均26.0%;宿根出苗数减少3 829~5 083株/667m~2,平均4 456株/667m~2,相对出苗损失率为57.6%~58.0%,平均57.8%。可见,目前云南蔗区甘蔗绵蚜为害造成的甘蔗产量及糖分损失十分严重,甘蔗绵蚜为害已成为现阶段严重影响甘蔗产量和品质的主要挑战之一。研究结果对加强甘蔗绵蚜的科学有效防控和支持中国蔗糖产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。

Sugarcane losses damaged by Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner

Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner is the main leaf pest of sugarcane, now widely distributed in planting areas and affecting both the yield and quality of sugarcane in China. The aim of this study was to assess the real cane yield and sugar yield losses, investigate the influence on emergence of newly planted cane and ratoon cane caused by C.lanigera under the current conditions for sugarcane production, and to provide detailed data that could contribute to developing a scientific and rationale plan for the effective control of the pest. Main sugarcane cultivars grown in the region were chosen for the study. The influence on emergence of newly planted cane and ratoon cane were surveyed in pesticidetreated and untreated areas during 2014-2016. The mature sugarcane was harvested and weighed to assess the cane yield. The quality and sucrose content were analyzed, and the real cane yield and sugar yield losses were calculated. The results indicated that cane production reduced by 2 503-4 123 kg/667m2, 3 079 kg /667m2 on average; the yield loss rate was 28.5%-45.7%, 35.9% on average; the sugarcane juice yield decreased by 2.4%-4.13%,3.01% on average; the sucrose content reduced by 5.48%-8.16%, 6.38% on average; sugarcane juice brix dropped by 6.95-9.05°BX,7.66°BX on average; sugarcane juice gravity purity decreased by 8.43%-19.97%, 12.35% on average; the reducing sugar of sugarcane juice increased by 1.01%-1.3%, 1.21% on average; The emergence rate of the newly planted cane reduced by 24.7%-27.3%, 26.0% on average; emergence numbers of ratoon cane reduced by 3 829-5 083 plants/667m2, 4 456 plants/667m2 on average; The relative rate of emergence loss was 57.6%-58.0%, 57.8% on average. It was confirmed that currently the loss of sugarcane yields and sucrose content caused by C.lanigera was very serious in the canegrowing regions of Yunnan Province, and the damage of C.lanigera has become one of the main challenges to affect the sugarcane yield and quality at present.