不同等级道路运输振动对哈密瓜品质的影响

为探究不同等级道路运输的振动对哈密瓜品质的影响机理,以避免哈密瓜在运输过程中受不同等级道路运输振动的影响而导致其贮藏期间品质下降,试验通过建立半挂车在公路上运输的模拟振动台,比较高速公路、一级公路、二级公路以及三级公路的模拟运输振动对哈密瓜活性氧代谢和膜脂氧化的影响。试验模拟了半挂车在4种公路上运输15 h的运输振动环境,比较经不同道路振动处理与未经振动处理的哈密瓜在室温(23℃)贮藏期间(28 d)呼吸速率,硬度,相对电导率,脂氧合酶活性(1ipoxygenase,LOX),丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA),活性氧成分(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的变化情况。研究结果表明:室温贮藏28 d时,不同等级道路振动后的哈密瓜的呼吸速率显著高于未处理对照组(P0.05),显然运输振动加快果实软化,加速细胞膜脂氧化,促进了LOX的活性,加快自由基反应进程,使ROS的含量不断增加,产生更多的MDA,损伤细胞膜,从而使相对电导率上升。其中,三级公路及二级公路较高速公路和一级公路的模拟运输振动对哈密瓜品质的影响更为显著(P0.05),而三级公路模拟运输振动处理哈密瓜的ROS含量较其他等级公路的更为显著(P0.05)。说明哈密瓜的品质受运输振动影响的大小为:三级公路二级公路一级公路高速公路,研究结果为寻找降低运输振动对哈密瓜品质影响方法的建立提供理论基础。

Effect of transport vibration in different levels of road on Hamimelons quality

Abstract: Transport from origin area to main consumption area is needed for improving the economic profit of Hami melon (Cucumis melo var. saccharinus). Transport vibration has an important adverse impact on the ripening of Hami melon. Fruit ripening changes are closely related to cell membrane lipid oxidation and reactive oxygen metabolism process. In order to study the effect of different levels of road transport vibration on active oxygen metabolism and membrane lipid oxidation of Hami melons, the vibration environments of the semi-trailer in highways, arterial roads, secondary roads and tertiary roads were simulated and relative indices were measured. In this study, Huajun semi-trailer was used to measure transport vibration, and the data were collected once every 3 minutes for 2 seconds as the semi-trailer was at the speed of 61-90 km/h. Then the data were used to drive a shaker to simulate the transport vibration. The melons were packaged with net packages and placed in corrugated fiberboard containers, and were treated under transport vibration of different grades of roads with the untreated as control samples. During the vibration treatment, the environmental temperature was 23 oC. After treatments, all of the melons were stored at 23 oC. The indices included respiration rate, firmness, relative electric conductivity, lipoxygenase (LOX), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed that after the storage of 28 days, the respiration rate of Hami melons under the vibration treatment in highways, arterial roads, secondary roads and tertiary roads was 1.31, 1.61, 2.03 and 2.21 times that of the control group, respectively, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The firmness of Hami melons under the vibration treatment in highways, arterial roads, secondary roads and tertiary roads was 15.27%, 35.27%, 60.50% and 77.47%, lower than that of the untreated, respectively, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The electric conductivity of Hami melon with different road vibration was significantly higher than that of the control. And about the decay area, the Hami melons of the control group were more intact, while the vibration group had different degrees of decay, of which the melon decay areas were 0-5% for transport vibration treatment groups of highways and arterial roads, and 16%-25% for transport vibration treatment groups of secondary roads and tertiary roads. It was clear that the vibration accelerated the fruit softening, accelerated the cell membrane lipid oxidation, promoted the activity of LOX, and accelerated the process of free radical reaction, so that the ROS content continued to increase, which resulted in more MDA, and caused the cell membrane to be damaged and the relative conductivity to increase. The influence of the transport vibration of tertiary roads and secondary roads on Hami melons was more significant than that of highways and arterial roads. And ROS content of Hami melons treated by transport vibration of tertiary roads was higher than that of the roads of other grades (P<0.05), and the effect of tertiary roads and secondary roads on the cell membrane of Hami melon was more significant (P<0.05), which showed that with the increase of vibration power spectral density, the quality of Hami melon was affected by the transport vibration. The results provide a reference for finding ways to reduce the influence of transport vibration on the quality of melon.