不同绿豆品种花后干物质积累与转运特性

以夏播区高产绿豆品种冀绿2号、安9910和低产品种赤峰绿豆、泰来绿豆为材料，对开花至成熟期间植株茎秆、叶片、豆荚、籽粒等地上部各器官的干物质积累、分配与转运规律进行了研究。结果表明，绿豆开花后，植株地上部总干物质积累和籽粒干物质积累均呈近“S”型增长趋势，花后16~31 d是生物产量和籽粒产量形成的关键时期；主茎开花节位叶片是籽粒充实的主要源器官，对籽粒产量的贡献率最大。不同绿豆品种间差异显著，高产品种冀绿2号和安9910各器官干物质积累和转运能力强，尤其是主茎开花节位叶片干物质合成和积累较多，具有较充足的源，加之其单株结荚数多，具有较大的库容，最终获得了较高的收获指数和籽粒产量。因此，绿豆生产中，选用库容大的多荚、大粒型品种，抓好花后田间管理，延缓主茎开花节位叶片衰老，同时采用去除无效分枝等措施增强源库间的物质运输与分配是提高籽粒产量的关键。

Accumulation and Transportation Characteristics of Dry Matter after Anthesis in Different Mung Bean Cultivars

The dry matter accumulation is the basis for yield formation in crops, and its transportation determines the nutrient flow and seed yield. In order to find out the internal mechanisms of yield-formation of mung bean, investigated the accumulation, distribution and transportation characteristics of dry matter in the above-ground organs consisting of stalks, leaves, pod shells and seeds during flowering to maturing by using mung bean high-yielding cultivars Jilü 2 and An 9910, and low-yielding cultivars Chifeng and Tailai in the summer-sowing areas. The results showed that the change of dry matter accumulation in both of plant and seeds presented the “S” curves after anthesis, the key stage for yield formation of plant biomass and seeds was at 16–31 days after anthesis, the main source organ of grain-filling was the leaves at flowering nodes on the main stem with the biggest contribution to grain yield. Significant differences were observed between different genotypes, the accumulation and transportation capacities of the high-yielding cultivars (Jilü 2 and An 9910) were greater than those of the low-yielding cultivars, especially for the accumulation of dry matter in the leaves at the flowering node on the main stems, so higher yield and harvest index were achieved in the high-yielding cultivars. Therefore, the major practice to achive higher yield in the mung bean production should be to choose the cultivars with multi-pods and bigger grain, to enhance the field management after anthesis to maintain longer function duration of leaves at flowering nodes on the main stem, and to remove the invalid branches to improve the transportation and distribution of dry matter as well.