大豆籽粒蛋白质含量早世代选择效果及其对产量和脂肪含量的影响

利用3个大豆杂交组合研究了F_2或F_3代根据单株蛋白质含量进行高、中、低分組选择的选择效果及其对产量和脂肪含量的影响;分析了蛋白质、产量、脂肪及蛋白十脂肪总量之间的遗传相关及相关遗传进度。结果表明:(1)不同杂交组合早世代蛋白质含量分组选择的效果不同。F_2或F_3分组选择的F_3或F_4组间蛋白质含量有一定重叠,但一般高组蛋白质含量高于中组或低组;(2)早世代蛋白质含量分组选择对脂肪含量影响较大,对产量则无显著影响;(3)蛋白+脂肪总量与蛋白质含量显著正相关,与脂肪和产量负相关不显著。以选择蛋白+脂肪总量估计的蛋白质含量相关遗传进度与直接选择的遗传进度相似;产量和脂肪的相关遗传进度有正有负但绝对值均很小。综上结果认为,早世代根据蛋白+脂肪总量进行选择较为合适。

SELECTION EFFICIENCY FOR SEED PROTEIN CONTENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENT IN THE EARLY GENERATION OF THREE SOYBEAN CROSSES

The high-, intermediate-and low-protein groups from the F2 or F3 plants of three crosses were established to investigate the selection efficiency for protein percent and its effects on seed yield and oil content. The genetic correlations between protein, yield, oil and sum of protein +oil percenage and their correlated genetic advances were analyzed. It was shown that: (1) The selection efficiency of the different protein content groups in the early generation was varied with cross. Percent protein ranges between the F3 or F4 protein groups were overlapped. but means of the high protein groups in two of the crosses were higher than that of the intermediate or the low groups;(2) The efficient selection for protein content had a negative effect on oil content, but not on seed yield; (3) The sum of protein+oil percent was positively correlated with protein content and not with yield and oil content. The correlated genetic advance of percent protein estimated on the basis of the total protein+oil content was similar to that of the direct selection of protein content itself. It was concluded that in early generation protein+oil percentage could be used as a selection criteria for improving protein content with no yield reduction.