硒肥对基质培番茄生长和矿质元素积累的影响

为研究基质栽培条件下外源硒对番茄的生物效应,以硒酸钠为硒源,设10个硒浓度水平,分别为0(CK)、0.25、0.50、1.00、2.50、5.00、10.00、20.00、40.00和80.00 μmol·L^-1,研究外源硒对番茄生物量、产量、品质,以及各器官硒积累、转运和其他矿质元素积累的影响。结果表明:0.25、1.00和5.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理的番茄地上干物质含量高于其他处理,1.00和5.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理的番茄地下干物质含量次于0.50 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理,且高于0.25 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理。40.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理的番茄维生素C (V_C)和可溶性糖含量最高,硝酸盐含量次于80.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理;0.25和5.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理的番茄V_C、可溶性糖和硝酸盐含量均次于40.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理,0.50 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理的番茄硝酸盐含量较CK增加21.52%;除20.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理外,其他处理糖酸比均高于CK。5.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理产量显著高于其他处理,硒酸钠>10.00 μmol·L^-1时,番茄产量均低于CK。施硒可促进番茄各器官硒的积累和转运,果实硒的积累量随着外源硒浓度增大成倍增加;番茄叶片硒转运能力最强,果实最弱。5.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理的番茄N和Ca元素含量最高,均显著高于其他处理,较CK分别增加10.75%和295.20%;1.00、2.50、5.00和10.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理的番茄P元素含量显著高于其他处理;施硒促进了番茄对Mg(10.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理除外)和Fe(20.00 μmol·L^-1硒酸钠处理除外)的吸收。适宜硒浓度能增加植株干物质含量,改善品质,提高产量和促进矿质元素吸收。在富硒番茄生产上,建议采用5.00 μmol·L^-1硒处理,起到增产提质的作用。

Effect of selenium fertilizer on growth and mineral element accumulation of tomato in substrate culture

In order to study the biological effects of exogenous selenium on tomatoes in substrate cultivation conditions, sodium selenium was used as the selenium source, and the selenium concentrations were set to 0 (CK), 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00, 20.00, 40.00 and 80.00 μmol ·L^-1, respectively. Effects of exogenous selenium on tomato biomass, yield, quality, selenium accumulation, transport and accumulation of other mineral elements in various organs were studied. The results indicated that the above-ground dry matter content of 0.25, 1.00 and 5.00 μmol·L^-1 treatments were higher than other treatments, and below-ground dry matter content of 1.00 and 5.00 μmol·L^-1 treatments were lower than that of 0.50 μmol·L^-1 treatment and higher than that of 0.25 μmol·L^-1 treatment. Contents of vitamin C (V_C) and soluble sugar of 40.00 μmol·L^-1 treatment were the highest, and nitrate content of 40.00 μmol·L^-1 treatment was second to 80.00 μmol·L^-1 treatment. Contents of V_C, soluble sugar and nitrate of 0.25 and 5.00 μmol·L^-1 treatments were second to the 40.00 μmol·L^-1 treatment. Nitrate content of 0.50 μmol·L^-1 treatment increased by 21.52% compared with control group. Except 20.00 μmol·L^-1 treatment, sugar-acid ratio of other treatments were higher than that of CK. Yield of 5.00 μmol·L^-1 treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments. However, the yields became lower than CK when the concentration of Se was higher than 10.00 μmol·L^-1. Selenium application promoted the accumulation and transport of selenium in tomato organs. Selenium accumulation in fruits increased exponentially with the increase of exogenous selenium concentration. Leaves of tomato exhibited the strongest capacity of selenium transport while fruits had the weakest. Contents of N and Ca in tomato of 5.00 μmol·L^-1 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments, which increased by 10.75% and 295.20% respectively compared with CK. Content of P in tomato of 1.00、2.50、5.00 and 10.00 μmol·L^-1 treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Selenium application promoted the absorption of Mg (except 10.00 μmol·L^-1 treatment) and iron (except 20.00 μmol·L^-1 treatment). Appropriate selenium concentration could increase plant dry matter content, improve quality, increase yield and promote mineral element absorption. In the production of selenium-enriched tomatoes, we suggested to apply the concentration of 5.00 μmol·L^-1 selenium to increase the yield and quality.