双速毛刷辊式水果清洗机设计与试验

针对类球形脆皮水果在清洗过程中洗净率偏低、损伤率高的问题,采用毛刷辊差速原理,设计集浸泡、刷洗、喷洗与集果等功能的双速毛刷辊式水果清洗机,阐述其基本结构和工作原理,并对浸泡装置、喷淋装置、刷洗装置等关键部件进行设计与分析。选取红富士苹果为试验物料,以奇数排毛刷辊转速、偶数排毛刷辊转速、浸泡时间为试验因素,洗净率和损伤率为评价指标,进行单因素试验,确定试验因素水平;通过3因素3水平正交试验,分析了试验因素对各试验指标影响的显著性,确定了水果清洗的最佳清洗工艺参数组合,即奇数排毛刷辊转速为80 r·min^-1,偶数排毛刷辊转速为100 r·min^-1,浸泡时间为25 s。在此条件下,水果洗净率为98.08%,损伤率为3.07%。

Design and experiment on washer with two-speed hair brush rollers for fruits

In order to solve the problems of low cleaning rate and high damage rate of spherical crispy fruits during the cleaning process, the differential speed principle of brush roller was adopted to design a washer with dual-speed brush rollers for fruits which had the functions of soaking, brushing, spraying and collecting fruit. Its basic structure and working principle were explained, and its key components such as soaking device, spraying device, brushing device and so on were designed and analyzed. Red Fuji apple was selected as the test material. The rotation speed of the odd-numbered brush rollers, the rotation speed of the even-numbered brush rollers, and soaking time were taken as test factors. The cleaning rate and damage rate were used as evaluated indicators. The single factor test was executed to determine the levels of factors. Through the orthogonal test with three-factor and three-level, the significance of the influence of the test factors on each test index was analyzed, and the optimal cleaning parameter combination for fruit cleaning was determined. The results showed that the rotation speed of the odd-numbered rows of brush rollers was 80 r·min^-1, the rotation speed of the even-numbered brush roller was 100 r·min^-1, and the soaking time was 25 s. Under these conditions, the fruit cleaning rate was 98.08%, and the damage rate was 3.07%.