库蠓属6亚属翅形变化分析与亲缘关系

利用几何形态学方法对库蠓6亚属的翅形进行比较分析,以期进行亚属鉴定与亲缘关系探讨。采用地标点法对6亚属20种63头雄性库蠓标本的翅进行标点,通过计算质心值、普氏叠加、主成分分析、典型变量分析、聚类分析等对其翅形进行比较和系统发育分析。质心值结果显示,6亚属库蠓翅的大小为二囊亚属>三囊亚属>带纹亚属>库蠓亚属>单囊亚属>屋室亚属,但差异不显著(P=1.961>0.05),说明翅的大小不能作为区分亚属的依据。主成分分析显示,主成分1(73.648%)和主成分2(12.372%)占总变异量的86.020%,可以解释库蠓属6亚属翅的主要差异;网格图表明差异的部位主要集中于径中横脉、翅基部、径1室、径2室和中4室内。典型变量分析显示,6亚属库蠓翅的形状变化差异显著(P<0.05),其中单囊亚属和三囊亚属的翅形差异最大,带纹亚属和屋室亚属的翅形差异最小,表明通过翅形差异能准确地将库蠓各亚属种类进行归属。聚类分析显示,6亚属库蠓中带纹亚属与屋室亚属的亲缘关系最近,三囊亚属与库蠓亚属的亲缘关系次之,单囊亚属与三囊亚属的亲缘关系最远,此结果与典型变量分析结果一致...

Geometric morphometric analysis of wing shape variation and phylogenetic relationships among six subgenera of genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

In order to identify and analysis phylogenetic relationships of the subgenus Culicoides, wing shapes were compared and analyzed by using geometric morphology method. Various geometric methods were used to analyze wing shape variation of 20 species from six subgenus Culicoides, including landmarks, centroid size, procrustes superimposition, principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis and cluster analysis. Kruskal-Wallis of centroid size results showed as follow: Avaritia>Trithecoides>Beltranmyia>Culicoides>Monoculicodie>Oecacta, but there was no significant difference, indicating the size of wings could not be used as the basis for distinguishing subgenus. Principal component analysis showed that principal component 1 (73.648%) and principal component 2 (12.372%) accounted for 86.020% of the total variation, which could explain the main difference between the wings of the six subgenera. The grid diagram showed that the differences were mainly concentrated in radial-median crossvein, basal portion, first radial cell, second radial cell and fourth medial cell. Canonical variate analysis results showed that there were significant differences in the wing shape (P<0.05), the most significant difference in the wing shape between the subgenus Monoculicodie and Trithecoides, and the smallest difference between the subgenus Beltranmyia and Oecacta. Therefore we could accurately identify the species of the different subgenus by the variation of wing shape. Cluster analysis showed that the genetic relationship between the subgenus Beltranmyia and Oecacta were the closest, between the subgenus Trithecoides and Culicoides were the second, between the subgenus Monoculicodie and Trithecoides were the farthest. This result was consistent with that of canonical correlation analysis. Geometric morphology was a useful assistant tool to study the relationship and taxonomy within the genus Culicoides.