木霉水分散粒剂的培养条件优化及其对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果

为提高木霉水分散粒剂的产量,并探明木霉水分散粒剂对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果,本研究对菌株的培养条件进行优化。结果表明:在本研究范围内,哈茨木霉33104水分散粒剂中助剂的最佳配方(质量分数)为:炭黑0.5%、磷酸钾4%、羧甲基纤维素5%、可溶性淀粉5%、硅藻土5%和木质素磺酸钠5%。深绿木霉33804水分散粒剂中助剂的最佳配方(质量分数)为:炭黑0.4%、羧甲基纤维素钠5%、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)5%、可溶性淀粉4%、高岭土3%和木质素磺酸钠5%。以黄瓜品种津研4号为试验材料,探究深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)和哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)对感染尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)黄瓜生理特性的影响。以仅接种病原菌的处理组作为对照,2种木霉菌与黄瓜枯萎病原菌同时接种或单一接种均可以显著提高黄瓜抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量,均可以显著降低丙二醛含量。2种木霉水分散粒剂与黄瓜枯萎病菌共同接种的防治效果均达到了治理黄瓜枯萎病的目的,其中,深绿木霉的防效最佳。

Optimization of culture conditions of Trichoderma water dispersing granule and its biocontrol effects on cucumber fusarium wilt

In order to improve the yield of Trichoderma water dispersing granule, and study the biocontrol effects of Trichoderma water dispersing granule on Cucumber Fusarium wilt, the nutritional conditions of the strain were optimized. The results showed that: within the scope of this study, the best formulation (mass fraction) of the adjuvant in the water dispersible granule of Trichoderma harzianum 33104 was carbon black 0.5%, K₃PO₄ 4%, carboxymethyl cellulose 5%, soluble starch 5%, tripoli 5% and sodium lignosulfonate 5%. The optimum formulation (mass fraction) of the adjuvant in the water dispersible granule of Trichoderma viride 33804 was carbon black 0.4%, CMC-Na 5%, PVP 5%, soluble starch 4%, kaolin 3% and sodium lignosulfonate 5%. Effects of Trichoderma atrovide and Trichoderma harzianum on the physiological characteristics of cucumber Jinyan 4 infected with Fusarium oxysporum were studied. Compared with the treatment group only inoculated with pathogens, both Trichoderma and Fusarium wilt pathogens inoculated at the same time or single inoculation could significantly improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline content and chlorophyll content of cucumber, and reduce MDA content. Both Trichoderma species water dispersing granule showed good biocontrol effects, and effect of Trichoderma atrovide was better.