不同氮肥管理方式对稻田土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为合理使用氮肥,维持稻田生态健康发展,运用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)和Biolog-Eco微平板法研究了4种氮肥管理模式:不施氮肥(CK)、农民习惯施肥(FP)、氮肥优化管理1(OPT1)、氮肥优化管理2(OPT2)对稻田土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:OPT1处理较CK提高了土壤微生物的代谢活性和碳源利用能力,而FP、OPT2处理均较CK降低了土壤微生物代谢活性和碳源利用能力。OPT1处理的土壤总生物量最高,为42.11 nmol·g^-1,OPT2处理的土壤总生物量为40.16 nmol·g^-1,均高于CK的34.19 nmol·g^-1,而FP处理的土壤总生物量为34.16 nmol·g^-1,低于CK。OPT1处理的土壤微生物多样性较复杂,F/B值最高。综合各项指标,OPT1处理更有利于土壤生态环境稳定。

Effects of nitrogen management on soil microbial community structure in paddy fields

The microbial communities in four nitrogen fertilizer management modes, namely, zero-nitrogen treatment (CK), farmers’ conventional cultivation pattern (FP), modified farmers’ conventional cultivation pattern 1 (OPT1), and modified farmers’ conventional cultivation pattern 2 (OPT2), were studied by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and Biolog-Eco methods to provide references for the rational utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields. It was shown that the microbial metabolic activity and carbon source utilization ability increased in OPT1, while reduced in FP and OPT2 compared to CK. The highest amount of total biomass appeared in OPT1 with 42.11 nmol·g^-1, and was followed by OPT2 with 40.16 nmol·g^-1, which were both higher than that in CK (34.19 nmol·g^-1), but the amount of total biomass in FP was 34.16 nmol·g^-1, which was lower than that in CK. Moreover, the diversity of microbial community in OPT1 was more complex, and F/B value was the highest among the 4 treatments. In summary, the OPT1 treatment was more conducive to the stability of ecological environment in soil.