四季豆丽芸2号生长动态及其养分吸收规律

对四季豆品种丽芸2号的生长动态和养分吸收特征进行研究,以明确四季豆生长过程中养分的吸收规律,为科学合理的农田养分管理提供参考。田间试验于2016年在浙江省丽水市进行,四季豆生产中农艺管理措施与当地农民习惯一致。在四季豆苗期、伸蔓期、开花期、结荚期、收获期,采集植株样品,测定植株干物质质量和营养元素氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、铁、锰、锌、钼、铜、硅等含量,并进行分析。结果表明,四季豆干物质累积量随着生长呈增加趋势,其中收获期经济产量干物质累积量最高,达到2 304.6 kg·hm^-2。四季豆不同生长时期对养分元素的需求为收获期>结荚期>伸蔓期>苗期和开花期。四季豆对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收比例为1.0∶0.4∶1.0,并分别将氮、磷、钾养分吸收量约79.0%分配到经济产量中。根据四季豆产量、养分含量和肥料利用率等指标,估算出单产30 000 kg·hm^-2(丰产水平)四季豆的合理施肥量为N 155～181 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 82～103 kg·hm^-2...

Growth dynamic and nutrient uptake law of common bean cultivar Liyun 2

Growth dynamic and nutrient uptake of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar Liyun 2 were studied in this research to clarify the nutrient uptake over the growth period so as to provide a basis for more scientific nutrient management. Field experiments were carried out in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province in 2016. The agronomic management measures in the production of common beans were consistent with local farmers' practice. In seedling stage, stretch tendril stage, flowering stage, pod setting stage and harvest stage, plant samples were taken to determine and analyze the dry material accumulation and nutrient element content. Results indicated that the dry material accumulation of common bean showed an increasing trend over the growth period, and the harvest stage had the largest accumulation of dry material, 2 304.6 kg·hm^-2. The nutrient demands of common bean in different growth stages were showed as follows: harvest stage>pod setting stage>stretch tendril stage>seedling stage and flowering stage. During the common beans production, the nutrient uptake ratio for N, P, K was 1.0∶0.4∶1.0, and nearly 79.0% of all N, P, K uptake were redistributed to economic yield, respectively. The nutrient requirement for N, P and K at the yield level of 30 000 kg·hm^-2 were N 155-181 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 82-103 kg·hm^-2, K₂O 136-156 kg·hm^-2, which were evaluated according to the yield level, nutrient concentration and N/P/K use efficiency. This study can provide a basis for the nutrient management in common bean production and the control of environmental risk caused by fertilizer over application.