中国省域农业科研机构科技创新效率及影响因素分析

基于创新成果类型异质性视角,把农业科研机构科技创新成果分为学术性、技术性及经济性成果,采用随机前沿分析方法对中国省域农业科研机构三类创新产出效率及其影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:一是中国农业科研机构的三类产出效率都比较低,其中经济性产出效率改进空间更大,其次是技术性,最后是学术性;二是各省份农业科研机构三类产出效率存在明显差异,发展不均衡,呈现多样化的特征,从时间趋势来看,技术性及经济性产出效率尽管比较低,但已表现出上升的良好态势;三是相对于研发(research and dovelopment,R&D)资本而言,中国农业科研机构科技创新过程中R&D人员具有更高的产出贡献,中国农业科研机构科技创新产出效率主要是依赖于R&D人员的投入推动;四是人员数量结构对学术性产出及技术性产出有显著的促进作用,而对于经济性产出有负向影响。人员素质结构对三类产出都有促进作用,但对学术性产出影响不显著;政府支持对经济性产出有负向的影响;基础设施对三类产出都有促进作用。

Research on regional scientific and technological innovation efficiency and its influencing factors of agricultural research institution in China

Based on the perspective of the types of innovative achievements, the types of scientific and technological innovative achievements of agricultural research institutions were divided into academic, technical and economic ones. The stochastic frontier model was used to analyze the three types of innovative output efficiency and their influencing factors of agricultural research institutions in China. The results showed that: firstly, during the sampling period, the three types of output efficiency of agricultural research institutions in China were relatively low. There was more improvement of economic output efficiency, followed by technological output and finally academic output. Secondly, there were distinct differences among the three types of output efficiency of agricultural research institutions in various provinces, with serious polarization and diversification. In terms of time trend, technical and economic output efficiency, though relatively low, had shown a good trend of rising. Thirdly, during the sampling period, compared with R&D (research and development) capital, R&D personnel had a higher output contribution, the output efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of agricultural research institutions in China mainly depended on the input of R&D personnel, and the input of R&D funds played a restraining role in the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in agricultural research institutions. The efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in provincial agricultural research institutions developed extremely unevenly. Fourthly, personnel structure had a significant role in promoting academic and technical output, but had a negative impact on economic output. Personnel quality had a positive effect on the three types of output, but had no evident impact on academic output. Government support had a negative impact on economic output. Infrastructure had a positive effect on the three types of output.