人力资本的代际收入传递效应研究

人力资本的跨代传递影响着收入的代际不平等性,影响我国的收入分配政策以及医疗和教育体制改革。父母对子女的人力资本投资动机不仅来源于自身的利他主义倾向和人力资本投资的边际回报率,同时还受到人力资本的代际传导强度和人力资本对收入的边际贡献率的影响。忽略人力资本的直接代际传导将导致对代际收入弹性的低估。以健康和教育为代表的人力资本变量具有显著的跨代传递效应,反映出我国人口在教育和健康机会上的不平等性。父亲—女儿的收入传递弹性高于父亲—儿子,农村人口的跨代收入传递弹性高于城镇,反映出代际机会不均等问题在女性和农村子女等弱势群体中体现得更为严重。

Research on Intergenerational Income Transmission Effect of Human Capital

The intergenerational transmission of human capital affects the intergenerational inequality of income,the income distribution policy and the reform of medical and education system in China. The motivation of parents'' human capital investment in their children not only comes from their altruistic tendency and the marginal rate of return of human capital investment, but also is affected by the intergenerational transmission intensity of human capital and the marginal contribution rate of human capital to income. Ignoring the direct intergenerational transmission of human capital will lead to the underestimation of intergenerational income elasticity. The human capital variables represented by health and education have significant intergenerational transmission effects, reflecting the inequality of education and health opportunities among our population. The income transmission elasticity of father-daughter is higher than that of father-son, and the intergenerational income transmission elasticity of rural population is higher than that of cities and towns, which reflects that the problem of intergenerational inequality of opportunities is more serious in vulnerable groups such as women and rural children.