黑河流域水资源开发对生态环境的影响

河西走廊中部黑河流域是我国重要的商品粮、蔬菜和经济作物生产基地之一,也是我国内陆河流域近30a来受人为经济活动影响最强烈的地区之一。黑河中游水土资源过度开发,导致黑河下游出现了严重生态环境问题,已威胁到整个流域的生态安全和国防建设的环境保障。主要表现在河道断流加剧,湖泊干渴,地下水位下降;天然林面积大幅度减少;草地严重退化;土地沙漠化和沙尘暴危害加剧等。黑河流域水资源开发对生态环境影响问题已经受到了国家的高度重视和全社会的广泛关注,黑河流域当前实施的节约用水和合理分配水资源,是保护黑河流域生态环境的根本性措施之一。

Effects of Water Resources Exploitation on Eco-environment of Heihe River Basin

The Heihe River basin, an inland-flow catchment and a very important base for grain, vegetable and (economic) crops, is one of the most affected areas by human economic activities. The water and land resources over exploitation of the middle reaches lead to a serious ecological problem at downstream. This has already threatened the safety of ecosystem within the whole basin. The problem is mainly showed as zero-flow appears frequently, lakes dried up, groundwater table declined, area of forest decreased, lawns degradation seriously, land deserted and sand storm harms aggravated, etc. These environmental problems have been noticed diffusely by the government and public. The measure of water saving and distribution retionalization which are implementing within the basin is one of the primary ways for its environment protection. Harmonious development among population, resources and environment basinwide is very significant to maintain the stabilization of the border area, promote the progress of the society, and implement the strategy of the great exploiture of Western China.