喷施新型腐植酸对谷子籽粒产量和品质的影响

为探究灌浆初期喷施新型腐植酸对谷子产量和品质的影响，以清水喷施为对照（NC），设置腐植酸低（0.75 L/hm²， 600×，LC），中 （3.75 L/hm²， 120× ，MC），高（7.50 L/hm²， 60× ，HC）3个浓度梯度，在谷子灌浆初期喷施于叶面，测定产量、穗部性状以及籽粒蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、直链淀粉、黄色素、总黄酮、多酚等多个指标，分析谷子产量及营养品质的变化。结果表明：1） 灌浆初期叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以通过增加千粒重来增加产量，各处理的谷子产量增加幅度由高到低为HC>MC>LC>NC，MC和 HC处理分别比NC增产18.5%和19.4%，谷子增产的最适新型腐植酸浓度介于60~120 ×。2） 灌浆期喷施新型腐植酸可改善谷子籽粒品质，显著提高蛋白质、氨基酸、黄色素、多酚含量（P<0.05）。3）通过主成分分析对不同处理的多个品质指标进行综合分析，总得分由高到低为MC>LC>HC>NC，中浓度（3.75 L/hm²， 120×，MC）处理对品质提升效果最好。综上，叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以提升谷子产量，改善籽粒品质，中浓度处理综合表现最好。

Effect of spraying of new-type humic on yield and quality of millet grains

To investigate the effect of foliar spraying of a new humic acid on yield and quality of millet. Experiments were conducted by taking pure water as the control （NC）， and three gradients of low concentration （0.75 L/hm²， 600 × liquid， LC）， medium concentration （3.75 L/hm²， 120 × liquid， MC）， and high concentration （7.50 L/hm²， 60 × liquid， HC） were set up. They were sprayed on the foliar surface of the grain during the filling period. The effects of spraying new humic acid on millet yield and grain quality during the filling period were analyzed by measuring yield， spike traits， and several indexes such as protein， amino acids， fat， carbohydrates， straight-chain starch， yellow pigment， total flavonoids， polyphenols. Changes in the yield and nutritional quality were determined. The results showed that： 1） The foliar spraying of new humic acid during the irrigation period increased the yield through increasing the weight of thousand grain weight， and the effect of yield increase was HC>MC>LC>NC. Compared with spraying with water， the middle and high concentration treatments were able to increase the yield by 18.5% and 19.4%， respectively， and the optimal concentration of the yield increase ranged from 60 to 120 times. 2） Spraying new humic acid during the irrigation period improved the quality of millet， and it increased the contents of protein， amino acid， yellow pigment and polyphenol. 3） The quality indexes of grains under different treatments were comprehensively analyzed by principal component analysis. The ranking of total score in descending order was MC>LC>HC>NC， and the medium concentration （3.75 L/hm²， 120 × liquid， MC） treatment had the best effect on quality improvement. In conclusion， the foliar spraying of novel humic acids could enhance the yield and improve the quality of millet， and the medium concentration treatment is optimal.