穗花马先蒿对枸杞蚜虫的杀虫活性研究

[目的]为穗花马先蒿的开发利用和活性成分的研究提供依据。[方法]采用点滴法,研究穗花马先蒿乙醇提取物和石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水5种萃取物对枸杞蚜虫的杀虫活性。[结果]用95%乙醇作提取剂,料液比1∶10,提取穗花马先蒿杀虫活性成分为15.30%。随着乙醇提取物浓度的增大和处理时间的延长,枸杞蚜虫的校正死亡率升高,浓度50.00 mg/ml时,48 h的校正死亡率达96.38%,毒力回归方程为y=2.220x+2.859。5种萃取物对枸杞蚜虫的杀虫活性的顺序为石油醚>正丁醇>氯仿>乙酸乙酯>水,石油醚萃取物48 h的校正死亡率达96.38%。[结论]穗花马先蒿乙醇提取物对枸杞蚜虫有较好的杀虫效果,48 h的LC50为9.21 mg/ml。不同极性萃取物的活性比较得知,杀虫活性成分主要是酯溶性的弱极性物质,分布在石油醚所在极性范围内。

Study on the Insecticidal Activity of Pedicularis spicata Pall on Wolfberry Aphis

[Objective] The aim of the study was to supply foundation for the exploitation and utilization of Pedicularis spicata Pall and the research on its active components.[Method] Topical application was used to study the insecticidal activities of the ethanol extracts and 5 kinds of extracts with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,aqueous as extractants from P.spicata on wolfberry aphis.[Result] 15.30% of insecticidal active components from P.spicata was extracted with 95% ethanol as extractant and material-liquid ratio of 1∶10.The corrected mortality of wolfberry aphids increased along with the increment of ethanol extracts concentration and the extending of treating time.When the ethanol extract was at 50.00 mg/ml,the corrected mortality after 48 h reached 96.38% and the regression equation of virulence was y=2.220x +2.859.The insecticidal activities of 5 extracts on wolfberry aphids in order were petroleum ether > n-butanol > chloroform > ethyl acetate > water and the corrected mortality of petroleum ether extracts after 48 h reached 96.38%.[Conclusion] The ethanol extracts from P.spicata had better insecticidal effect on wolfberry aphids with LC50 being 9.21 mg/ml after 48 h.Its main insecticidal active components were weak polar matter and mainly distributed in the polarity range of petroleum ether.