小麦早熟新品种K35的阶段发育与灌浆特性

为了给早熟高产小麦新品种的选育及K35优良种质的利用提供理论依据,以中熟品种鲁麦14和济麦21、晚熟品种鲁源301和潍麦8号为对照,对小麦早熟品种K35阶段发育和籽粒灌浆特性进行了研究.结果表明,早熟品种K35成熟期比其它品种提前3～7 d,主要体现在二棱初期至二棱中期、挑旗期至抽穗期和灌浆期持续时间较短;二棱中期至雌雄蕊分化期持续时间与其他品种基本一致.与高千粒重品种潍麦8号、鲁原301相比,K35平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率较低,千粒重也偏低.开花后快增期灌浆速率与小麦千粒重之间存在显著正相关,渐增期灌浆速率与缓增期持续时间呈显著负相关.因而认为,K35幼穗分化期较短,而穗粒数较多,灌浆速率较低,而产量水平较高,并且落黄好,特点突出,作为早熟亲本应用时,应注意选择灌浆速率和千粒重较高的品种与其进行杂交.

Phase Development and Grain Filling Characteristics of Different Mature Wheat Varieties

Development stages from initiation of inflorescence differentiation to maturity and the characteristics of grain filling were investigated with early-mid- and late-maturity wheat varieties. The results showed that the wheat line K35 matured 347 days earlier than others was mainly due to the decrease of the duration at early double-ridge stage to middledouble-ridge, booting stage to heading and the grain filling stage. The duration from double-ridge stage to anther and stigma development was similar among different varieties. Varieties with high grain weight, Weimai8 and Luyuan301, had a higher filling rate than K35. The grain weight of K35 was smaller.