宣化牛奶葡萄架式和栽培技术改进研究

连续五年的田间试验证明,宣化牛奶葡萄长时期内表现产量低、大小年严重,是与传统的漏斗架式栽培技术落后有密切关系。通过改造架式、改革整形修剪方式及其它栽培技术,达到了大幅度增产和克服大小年的良好效果。本试验为牛奶葡萄的老园改造提供了有效的途径。本文并对进一步提高牛奶葡萄的品质进行了讨论。

STUDIES ON TRELLIS REFORM AND IMPROVEMENT OF CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR 'NIUNAI' GRAPEVINES IN XUANHUA

'Niunai', one of the best table grape cultivars in China, has shown low production and alternate bearing in Xuanhua, Hebei Province,which seems to be associated with the traditional old technology of viticulture. In order to improve production and fruit quality, field studies were carried out on 40 year old vines of grape cultivar'Niunai'in Xuanhua during 1983~1988. In the 5 year trials, the traditional bowl-shaped trellis was reformed to horizontal arbors and single- or double-wall vertical trellis. A modification of dragon-training with spur-cane pruning was proposed to substitute the fan-training with "crow-claw-shaped" pruning. Much attention was paid to summer pruning and leaf-fruit ratio with emphasis on controlling the shoot and fruit load required for the planned yield. The cluster training and berry thinning were adopted in recent three years. All proper measures including soil management and disease control resulted in marked increase of the yield from 7.1 t/ha in 1983 to 15 t/ha in 1984 and 27~30 t/ha in the following years with improved fruit quality. The results showed a good response of 'Niunai' grapevines to the trellis reform and improvement of other cultural practices, proving the necessity of forsaking the traditional technology of viticulture in Xuanhua. The relationship between fertilization and fruit quality was discussed.