长春市建设用地扩张对耕地资源的影响

通过分析长春市区建设用地与耕地的时空变化特征及建设用地扩张对耕地的影响,为黑土区土地合理利用与耕地保护提供参考。本文采用2005年和2019年的Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像,基于面向对象-决策树的分类方法提取研究区土地利用信息,对长春市区建设用地和耕地的时空变化及建设用地对耕地数量、质量和结构的影响进行了研究。结果表明：2005年以来,长春市区建设用地扩张21163.30 hm²,而耕地面积则减少19011.81 hm²。新增加的建设用地占用耕地18170.84 hm²,为建设用地增加面积的85.33%,建设用地的扩张导致耕地破碎化程度增大;建设用地侵占的耕地多为优质耕地,Ⅰ~Ⅲ级的面积比例达72.17%。研究结果对协调黑土区快速城市化过程中耕地资源的保护具有重要的指导意义。

The Impact of Construction Land Expansion on Arable Land Resources in Changchun

The temporal-spatial changes of construction land and arable land and the impact of construction land expansion on arable land in Changchun were studied to provide reference for rational use of land and protection of arable land in the black soil region. Land use information of the study area in 2005 and 2019 were extracted from Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing images using the object-oriented-decision tree classification method. Then the temporal-spatial changes of construction land and arable land and the impact of construction land on arable land in the aspect of quantity, quality and structure were studied. The results showed that the area of construction land had expanded by 21163.30 hm² since 2005, while the area of arable land had decreased by 19011.81 hm². Newly added construction land occupied 18170.84 hm² of arable land, accounting for 85.33% of the total area of the increased construction land. The expansion of construction land also led to an increase in the degree of fragmentation of arable land; most of the arable land occupied by construction land was originally high-quality arable land and the proportion of the area of Grade I to III could reach 72.17%. The research results are of great significance for coordinating the protection of arable land resources in rapid urbanization in the black soil region.