对云南省不同来源生鲜乳品质的比较分析

本试验旨在通过对不同来源生鲜乳的相关指标进行测定和比较分析,评价其品质,为地方奶牛养殖业的发展提供参考依据.采集2017-2020年云南省养殖专业合作社、乳品公司养殖场、收购站和机械化挤奶站4种来源的生鲜乳共661个样品,采用国家标准方法测定其相关指标,用SPSS 22.0统计软件做单因素方差分析.结果显示,2017-...

Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Raw Milk from Different Sources in Yunnan Province

This experiment aims, by measuring and comparing the relevant indicators of fresh milk from different sources, to evaluate its quality and provide a reference for the development of local dairy cattle breeding. A total of 661 samples of raw milk were collected from 4 sources, i.e., breeding cooperatives of Yunnan Province, dairy company farms, purchase stations and mechanized milking stations from 2017 to 2020. National standard methods were used to determine their relevant indicators, and SPSS 22.0 statistical software was employed to conduct ANOVA. As a result, the alkalis of different sources of fresh milk from 2017 to 2020 were all negative, and no leather hydrolysates were detected;the freezing point ranged from-0.500℃ to-0.536℃, the relative density was between 1.029 ~ 1.031 g/mL and no significant difference was found between milk from different sources(P>0.05).The protein and fat content of raw milk from the 4 sources reached the national standard. In 2017, the protein and fat contents from breeding cooperatives, dairy company farms and purchase stations were significantly higher than that from mechanized milking stations(P<0.05). In 2018, the protein content of fresh milk from dairy company farms was significantly higher than that of the other three sources(P<0.05), the fat content of fresh milk from dairy company farms was significantly higher than that from purchase stations(P<0.05). In 2020, the protein content of raw milk from dairy farms was significantly higher than the other three sources(P<0.05). In 2017 and 2020, the impurity in raw milk from the purchase station significantly exceeded that from the other three sources(P<0.05),while the difference between the four sources in 2018 was not significant(P>0.05). In 2017, the total number of somatic cells and bacterial colonies in fresh milk from dairy farms was significantly less than that from the other three sources(P<0.05);in 2018 and 2020, fresh milk from purchase stations had a significantly greater total number of bacterial colonies than that from the other 3 sources(P<0.05), the somatic cell count in fresh milk from mechanized milking stations were significantly more than those from the other 3 sources(P<0.05). It can be totally seen that the protein and fat contents of fresh milk from dairy farms were better than those from the other three sources, fresh milk from mechanized milking stations achieved better impurity and less total number of bacterial colonies than those of the other three sources, indicating standardized breeding and mechanized milking should be preferentially developed.