长沙植烟区土壤养分丰缺状况评价

为掌握长沙植烟土壤养分的时空变异与丰缺状况,以第一（2000年）、二次（2014年）植烟土壤普查为基础,2020年开展了第三次植烟土壤普查,在主产烟区布置401个采样点,测定其耕作层(0~20 cm)土壤主要养分含量,利用经典统计方法和地统计学方法对植烟土壤养分含量的丰缺状况和空间变异特征进行分析。结果表明,与2000年相比,2020年长沙烟区土壤pH上升,土壤全量磷钾、有效磷、速效钾与中微量元素交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌、有效硼、有效钼的平均含量有所增长,其中土壤速效钾和有效铁平均含量呈大幅增长趋势;土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮、有效硫、有效铜、水溶性氯的平均含量有所下降。长沙植烟土壤pH、有机质、全氮、全钾、碱解氮、交换性钙、有效钼的平均含量适宜,土壤全磷、交换性镁、水溶性氯偏低,土壤有效磷、速效钾、有效硫、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌、有效硼偏高。土壤有效磷、有效锰、水溶性氯具有强变异性,有效硫、有效铜、有效锌、有效硼、有效钼为中强变异性,土壤速效钾、有效铁、交换性钙、交换性镁为中弱变异性,土壤pH、有机质、全量氮磷钾、碱解氮的变异性相对较弱。长沙不同区域植烟土壤养分的丰缺状况呈现不同程度的空间异质性,长沙烟区应根据植烟土壤养分的丰缺状况进行精细化分区管理与施肥方案的优化。

Abundance Evaluation of Nutrient Content in Tobacco Soil of Changsha

The paper aims to understand the spatial-temporal variation and abundance and deficiency of nutrients of tobacco planting soil in Changsha. Based on the first (2000) and second (2014) survey of tobacco planting soil in Changsha, the third (2020) survey of tobacco planting soil was carried out. A total of 401 sampling points were arranged in the main tobacco planting areas to determine the main nutrients’ content of soil in the plough layer (0-20 cm). The abundance and spatial variability of nutrients’ content in tobacco planting soil were analyzed by classic statistics and geo-statistics. Compared with data of 2000, the average content of tobacco planting soil pH, total P and K, available P and K, exchangeable Ca and Mg, available Fe, Mn, Zn, B and Mo increased in 2020, among which the average content of soil available K and Fe increased significantly. The average content of soil organic matter, total N, alkali-hydrolyzed N, available S and Cu and water-soluble chlorine decreased. In the study area, the average content of soil pH, organic matter, total N, total P, alkali-hydrolyzed N, exchangeable Ca and available Mo were suitable, total P, exchangeable Mg and water-soluble Cl were insufficient, while soil available P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B were abundant in 2020. Soil available P and Mn and water-soluble Cl had strong variability. Soil available S, Cu, Zn, B and Mo had moderate to strong variability. Soil available K and Fe and exchangeable Ca and Mg had medium-weak variability. Soil pH, organic matter, total N, P and K and alkali-hydrolyzed N had weak variability. The abundance and deficiency of tobacco planting soil nutrients in different regions of Changsha showed different degrees of spatial heterogeneity. The tobacco fertilizer formula and fertilization scheme should be finely managed according to the abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients.