不同发育阶段‘文紫椒1号’果色色素的比例和组织定位

研究旨在阐明‘文紫椒1号’果实在不同发育阶段的色素比例和组织定位,为丘北辣椒在观赏园艺中的应用和观赏型新奇果色新品种的选育提供参考。以种植于云南文山州砚山县的‘文紫椒1号’果实为试材,将果实分为5个发育阶段,用分光光度法检测了果实的叶绿素含量(Chl])、类胡萝卜素含量(Car])、总黄酮类含量(TFC)、总花色苷含量(TAC)和辣椒红素含量(Cap]),并分析其配比和相关性,同时用徒手切片法检测了色素的组织定位。结果表明,在发育过程中,‘文紫椒1号’果实Chla]/Chlb]的最大值出现在发育阶段3,Chl(a+b)]/Car]、Chl(a+b)]/TFC和Chl(a+b)]/TAC的最大值均出现在阶段2,而Chl(a+b)]/Cap]、TFC/TAC、TFC/Cap]和TAC/Cap]的最大值均出现在阶段1。Chla]、Chlb]、Chl(a+b)]、Car]、TFC、TAC和Cap]之间的相关性不尽一致,其中,TAC与Chl(a+b)]、TFC之间均呈不显著正相关,而与Car]之间呈不显著负相关,Cap]则与Chl(a+b)]、Car]、TFC和TAC之间分别呈显著负相关、极显著正相关、不显著正相关和不显著负相关。果实色素主要定位在中果皮细胞中,细胞的色相和色度变化趋势与果色的高度一致。所以,‘文紫椒1号’的果色源于各发育阶段果皮细胞中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素（含辣椒红素）和黄酮类（含花色苷）色素的比例差异。

Ratios and Tissue Locations of Fruit Color Pigments of Capsicum annuum ‘Wenzijiao No.1’ at Different Development Stages

This research aims to elucidate the ratios and tissue locations of the pigments of Capsicum annuum ‘Wenzijiao No.1’ fruits at different development stages, and provide reference for the application of Qiubei chili in ornamental horticulture and the breeding of new ornamental chili cultivars with novel fruit pigmentation. The fruits of the C. annuum ‘Wenzijiao No.1’ planted in Yanshan County of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province were used as the test materials, and the fruits were divided into five development stages, the chlorophyll content (Chl]), carotenoid content (Car]), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and capsanthin content (Cap]) of the fruits were determined by using spectrophotometry, and their ratios and correlations were analyzed. Simultaneously, the tissue locations of the pigments were determined by using freehand slicing. The results indicated that, during the development process, the maximum value of Chla]/Chlb] of C. annuum ‘Wenzijiao No.1’ fruits appeared at the third development stage (Stage 3), the maximum values of Chl(a+b)]/Car], Chl(a+b)]/TFC and Chl(a+b)]/TAC all at Stage 2, whereas that of Chl(a+b)]/Cap], TFC/TAC, TFC/Cap] and TAC/Cap] all at Stage 1. The correlations among Chla], Chlb], Chl(a+b)], Car], TFC, TAC and Cap] were not consistent, and among them, TAC was positively correlated with Chl(a+b)] and TFC both at non-significant levels, but negatively correlated with Car] at a non-significant level, whereas there was a significantly negative correlation between Cap] and Chl(a+b)], an extremely and significantly positive one between Cap] and Car], a non-significantly positive one between Cap] and TFC, and a non-significantly negative one between Cap] and TAC. Simultaneously, the fruit pigments were mainly located in the mesocarp cells, and the changing trend of the hue and chroma of the cells was highly consistent with that of the fruit color. So, the pigmentation of C. annuum ‘Wenzijiao No.1’ fruits results from the differentiated ratios of chlorophyll, carotenoid (including capsanthin) and flavonid (including anthocyanin) pigments in the pericarp cells at different development stages.