广西糯玉米品种种质构成及穗部性状选育探讨

对2011-2022年广西审定的173个糯玉米品种进行分析，研究广西糯玉米品种种质来源、构成，探析品种选育路径。结果表明，广西糯玉米主要种质由A (宜山糯)类、B (京科糯2000)类、C (万糯2000)类、D (燕禾金2000)类、E (中糯1号)类、F (中糯2号)类、G (衡白522)类、H (华珍)类、I (花甜糯179)类、J (NA群体)类、K (NB群体)类等11类种质构成，A、B类种质是广西糯玉米品种的基础种质。根据亲本主要种质类型，排除年份间的环境变化因素，可将93个品种归入AB等15个群组。各群组穗部性状相关分析表明，穗行数、穗粗与产量及其他穗部性状分别呈显著负效应及无显著效应，群组相关性受到种质组合及组配模式共同影响，通常情况下种质组合的影响力更强，涉及F类种质的群组则相反。因此，穗部性状选育重点要根据亲本主要种质类型确定。

Study on Germplasm Composition and Spike Traits Breeding of Waxy Maize Varieties in Guangxi

In order to understand the germplasm source and composition of waxy maize varieties in Guangxi over the past 12 years, and to explore the breeding paths of these varieties, an analysis was conducted on 173 waxy maize varieties approved in Guangxi from 2011 to 2022. The results showed that the main germplasm of waxy maize in Guangxi was composed of 11 categories of germplasm, including A(Yishannuo), B(Jingkenuo2000), C(Wannuo2000), D(Yanhejin2000), E(Zhongnuo 1), F(Zhongnuo 2), G(Hengbai522), H(Huazhen), I(Huatiannuo179), J(NA population) and K(NB population). The A and B germplasms are basic germplasms of waxy maize varieties in Guangxi. Based on the main germplasm types of parents, after excluding the environmental factors between years, 93 varieties could be classified into 15 groups, such as A and B. The correlation analysis of yield and ear traits showed that, overall, the row number per ear, ear diameter and yield and other ear traits showed significant negative effects and no obvious effect respectively. The expression of significantly related trait combinations in groups is affected by the germplasm combination and the matching pattern. Generally, the influence of germplasm combinations is stronger, but the group involving F germplasm is the opposite. Therefore, the breeding focus of ear traits should be determined based on the main germplasm types of the parents.