不同产业组织模式对玉米生产技术效率的影响研究——基于黑龙江省904个农户数据的实证分析

利用2019年黑龙江省农村经济社会情况入户调查的904份农户数据，选择数据包络分析法和倾向得分匹配法，测算玉米生产与加工融合下不同产业组织模式对玉米生产技术效率的影响。结果表明，黑龙江省玉米生产加工整体的生产技术效率均值为0.874，表明生产技术效率较高；玉米生产加工融合形成的产业组织模式都可以提高农户的生产技术效率，但不同产业组织模式提升效果具有差异性，纵向一体化模式对玉米生产技术效率影响程度最高，净效应为0.021 9，生产合同模式又高于订单合同模式。户主特征、家庭经营特征、土地特征和环境特征等因素也对玉米生产技术效率的提升具有一定的影响。

Analysis on the Effect of Different Industrial Organization Models on Technical Efficiency of Maize Production —— Empirical Analysis Based on the Data from 904 Farm Households in Heilongjiang Province

Using 904 farm households data from the 2019 Rural Economic and Social Situation Household Survey in Heilongjiang Province, the data envelopment analysis method and the propensity score matching method were selected to estimate the effects of different industrial organization models on the technical efficiency of maize production under the integration of maize production and processing. The results showed that, the average of production technical efficiency of overall maize production and processing in Heilongjiang Province was 0.874, signifying a relatively high level of production technology efficiency. The industrial organization model formed by the integration of maize production and processing could improve the production technical efficiency of farmers, but there was variability in the enhancement effect of different industrial organization models, and the vertical integration model had the highest degree of impact on the technical efficiency of maize production, with a net effect of 0.021 9, followed by the production contract model, which is higher than the order contract model. Additionally, factors such as household head characteristics, family business characteristics, land characteristics and environmental characteristics also have an impact on the improvement of technical efficiency of maize production.