小麦株高及其构成指数与产量及品质的相关性

为了给小麦栽培和品质育种提供参考,以15个小麦品种为材料,分析了不同基因型小麦品种株高及各节间长度、株高构成指数与产量及产量构成因素、蛋白质、湿面筋、淀粉含量的关系.结果表明,株高及各节间长度除穗下节间外与产量均呈负相关,除穗下节间外与蛋白质、湿面筋含量均呈正相关;穗下节间长度/节间总长、(穗下节间长+穗长)/株高与产量呈正相关,与穗粒数、单穗重呈极显著正相关,与蛋白质、湿面筋含量呈负相关;千粒重与株高、各节间长、穗下节间长度/节间总长、(穗下节间长度+穗长)/株高均呈负相关;株高构成指数与结实粒数、粒重、产量均呈正相关,与蛋白质、湿面筋含量呈二次曲线关系,节间构成指数与产量、蛋白质、湿面筋含量呈负相关,株高及节间构成指数与穗粒数、单穗重均呈正相关.穗下节间长度/节间总长、(穗下节间长+穗长)/株高、株高构成指数可以作为产量和品质协调的育种选择指标,强筋、中筋小麦应选择株高适中、抗倒性好、穗下节间不宜过长、株高构成指数IL<0.54的植株;弱筋小麦应选择株高偏矮、穗下节间较长、株高构成指数IL为0.56～0.58的植株.

Relatationship of Plant Height Component Indexes with Grain Yield and Quality in Wheat

The relationship of plant height (HT), internode length and its component indexes with grain yield components, protein, wet gluten and starch contents of different wheat varieties were studied at Jiangsu Provinical Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology,Yangzhou Unitersity. The results indicated that uppermost internode length (HL_1) was positively correlated with grain yield, but negatively correlated with protein and wet gluten contents. The plant height was negatively correlated with grain yield, but positively correlated with protein and wet gluten contents. The ratio of uppermost internode length to total internode length(HL_1/HL) and the ratio of the length of uppermost internode and spike to plant height (HL_1+ HL_0)/HT] were positively correlated with grain yield , grain number and grain weight per spike, but negatively correlated with protein and wet gluten contents. The 1000 kernel weight was negatively correlated with HT, every internode length, HL_1/ HL and (HL_1+ HL_0)/HT. Plant height component index was positively correlated with grain yield , grain number and 1000 kernel weight, and had a curve relationship with protein and wet gluten contents. The four internode component indexes were negatively correlated with grain yield, protein and wet gluten contents.