宽窄行配置一穴多株种植对膜下滴灌玉米产量和群体质量的影响

【目的】在保持种植密度和行距一定的条件下,选择适宜机械化运行的宽行距,研究1穴多株种植对膜下滴灌春玉米产量和群体质量的影响,进而实现增产、提高水肥利用效率和实现农业整体机械化的目标。【方法】试验在同一种植密度(9 900株/hm^2),等行距(30 cm)、等株距(30 cm)条件下,设置3种种植规格:1株/穴(H1,宽行37 cm)、2株/穴(H2,宽行104 cm)、3株/穴(H3,宽行172 cm)。【结果】不同种植株数下春玉米叶面积和叶面积指数(LAI)在大喇叭口期后差异显著,且H2处理叶面积显著大于H1、H3处理,分别高13.8%、7.6%;吐丝期以后H2处理干物质积累量显著高于H1和H3处理;吐丝期至成熟期H2处理的光合势、相对生长率显著高于H1、H3处理,光合势分别高4.60%~12.74%、8.97%~9.79%,相对生长率分别高21.15%、103.06%;H2处理的产量较H1、H3处理平均增产21.6%、24.6%,水分利用效率(WUE)分别提高25.0%、33.5%。【结论】春玉米膜下滴灌宽窄行配置1穴2株种植可以提高春玉米叶面积指数,延缓后期叶面积的衰老,增加光合势,有助于后期干物质的积累,提高粒重,最终提高玉米籽粒产量。与常规种植相比,玉米膜下滴灌采用1穴2株种植规格,产量提高约21.6%,WUE提高约25%。

Effects of More Plants per Hole on Yield and Population Quality of Spring Maize with Wide-narrow Allocation under Drip Irrigation

【Objective】The influence of the yield and population quality of spring maize was studied under drip irrigation with certain planting density and row spacing to increase yield of spring maize, water and nitrogen use efficiency and realize the mechanization in the field.【Method】There were three treatments in the field:1 plant per hole(H1,37 cm broad-row),2 plants per hole(H2, 104 cm broad-row) and 3 plants per hole(H3, 172 cm broad-row).【Result】The difference of the leaf areas and LAI between treatments was significant after the big bell stage.Compared with H1 and H3,the leaf areas under H2 treatment increased by 13.8% and 7.6%, respectively, and the dry matter accumulation was higher after the silk stage. The photosynthetic potential under H2 treatments increased by 4.60%~12.74% and 8.97%~9.79%, respectively, and the relative growth rate increased by 21.15% and 103.06%, respectively, from silk stage to mature stage. The yield of H2 treatment was significantly higher than that of H1 and H3 by 21.6% and 24.6%, respectively, while WUE increased by 25.0% and 33.5%, respectively.【Conclusion】By double plants per hole of spring maize under drip irrigation, the LAI and photosynthetic potential were enhanced with delaying green leaves. Thus, it is helpful to accumulate dry matter in later stage, increase grain weight and finally increase the yield. Compared with 1 plant per hole(conventionally plant), the yield increased by 21.6% and WUE improved by 25% under double plants per hole.