水培叶菜穴盘种苗移植机作业性能试验研究

育苗移栽是劳动密集型产业,水培叶菜生产作业中的移苗环节主要依靠人工完成,随着蔬菜的需求量与日俱增和劳动力成本越来越高,蔬菜种植的高效化和机械化成为了蔬菜种植业发展的迫切需求。国内外已开发的水培叶菜移植机不适用于中国当前大多采用基质培育生产水培叶菜穴盘种苗的模式。为了实现水培叶菜穴盘种苗自动移植,本文研发了水培叶菜穴盘种苗移植机,阐述了移植机的主要结构和工作原理,设计了移植关键机构移植手,并以水培叶菜芥兰种苗为作业对象开展了移植机性能试验。结果表明,影响移植成功率的主次因素依次为根系状态、移植手输送的垂直加速度和水平加速度,在根系状态好、垂直加速度为1.0 m/s^2、水平加速度为0.2 m/s^2的最优水平组合情况下,移植成功率可达96.67%,移植生产率可达1200株/h。

Experimental study on the Operation Performance of the Transplanter for Hydroponic Leaf Vegetable Plug Seedlings

Seedling transplanting is a labor-intensive industry.In the production of hydroponics leafy vegetables,the process of transplanting seedlings mainly depends on manual work.With the increasing demand for vegetables and the increasing labor cost,the high efficiency and mechanization of vegetable planting are the urgent needs of vegetable planting industry.The transplanter developed at home and abroad is not suitable for the current mode in which most of the seedlings of hydroponic leaf vegetables are cultivated by substrate cultivation in China.In order to realize the automatic transplanting of hydroponics leaf vegetable seedling,this paper developed the transplanter of hydroponics leaf vegetable seedling,elaborated the main structure and working principle of the transplanter,designed the transplanting manipulator of the key mechanism,and carried out the performance test of the transplanter with the hydroponics leaf brassica oleracea seedlings as the working objects.The results showed that the primary and secondary factors affecting the success rate of transplantation were root state,vertical acceleration and horizontal acceleration of the transplanting manipulator delivery.Under the optimal horizontal combination of root state is"good",vertical acceleration of 1.0 m/s^2 and horizontal acceleration of 0.2 m/s^2,the success rate of transplantation reached 96.67%,and the transplantation productivity reached 1200 plants/h.