南疆无膜滴灌棉花灌溉制度对土壤水分和产量品质的影响

目的]通过小区试验,探究南疆地区无膜滴灌不同灌水定额对土壤水分、棉花生长和产量品质的影响。方法]试验设置3个无膜滴灌灌水定额(I1、I2和I3),即36、45和54 mm,并以膜下滴灌I4(36 mm)作为对照。结果]无膜滴灌棉花茎粗和株高随灌水定额的增加而增加,但I4处理对提高棉花茎粗和株高更显著。无膜滴灌棉花土壤含水率在0~60 cm剖面上随灌水定额的增加整体表现为增大趋势,而膜下滴灌处理的土壤水分波动要小于无膜滴灌处理。无膜滴灌棉花随着灌水定额的增加,籽棉产量显著增加,I3处理的籽棉产量可达7 195.48 kg/hm2,较膜下滴灌增加了19.54%,且棉花品质最好,但膜下滴灌的灌溉水利用高效率最高。结论]从棉花生长、产量品质及灌溉水利用效率综合分析,无膜滴灌灌水定额为54 mm时,棉花生长及产量品质较优。

The Effects of Drip-irrigation Scheduling without Mulching on Soil Moisture,Yield and Quality of Cotton in Southern Xinjiang

Background]The use of plastic film mulching in drip irrigation of cotton in Xinjiang had led to plastic pollution over the past decades and easing the film pollution is not only a practical issue but also a research interest. One alternative is not to mulch, in which understanding the response of growth, yield and quality of cotton to soil moisture and irrigation scheduling is essential to sustaining cotton production without scarifying environment.Objective]This paper is to experimentally study the effects of drip irrigation scheduling without mulching on soil moisture, growth, yield and quality of cotton in southern Xinjiang.Method]We compared four irrigation levels: 36 mm(I1), 45 mm(I2), 54 mm(I3) and 36 mm(I4), with mulching taken as control for each treatment.Result]As irrigation amount increased, stem diameter and plant height increased more significantly in the control than without mulching. The soil moisture in 0~60 cm soil layer increased with irrigation amount for both control and the treatments, but the soil moisture change in the former was more oscillating than in the latter. The yield of seed cotton without mulching increased significantly with irrigation amount. In particular, the yield of I3 was 7 195.48 kg/hm2, up 19.54% compared to the control. Not mulching improved cotton quality, while mulching was more water use efficient.Conclusion]Results showed that drip-irrigating 54 mm of water without mulching was the optimal irrigation scheduling to best balance growth, yield and quality, and irrigation water use efficiency of the cotton.