痕量灌溉对棉花花铃期光合性能日变化及产量的影响

【目的】明确痕量灌溉方式在干旱区灌溉棉田的适用性。【方法】本研究以中棉所92为供试材料,系统监测了痕量灌溉不同埋管深度30 cm(D30)、40 cm(D40)和50 cm(D50)和膜下滴灌(CK)4个处理的棉花花铃期光合日变化及产量效应。【结果】①不同处理下净光合速率和气孔导度的日变化均呈双峰曲线变化趋势,且D30处理各时段的净光合速率和气孔导度均高于其他处理。②不同处理下的胞间CO2摩尔分数日变化均呈广口"V"字形双峰曲线变化趋势,蒸腾速率日变化均呈单峰曲线变化趋势,最大值出现在14:00h。③D30处理的2年平均籽棉产量和平均皮棉产量最高,分别为5 734.28和2 454.53 kg/hm^2,其中籽棉产量分别比CK、D40和D50处理高出1.09%、7.63%和11.38%,皮棉产量分别比CK、D40和D50处理高出3.49%、8.32%和1.61%。【结论】综合光合性能日变化和产量分析得出,内蒙古阿拉善地区采用埋管深度为30 cm的痕量灌溉技术为最佳。

The Effects of Trace Irrigation on the Yield and Diurnal Changes of Photosynthesis during Flowering and Boll Stage of Cotton

【Objective】We aimed to determine the applicability of trace irrigation method in cotton field in arid area.【Method】With the variety of China Cotton Institute 92, the effects of trace irrigation with different tube buried depth of 30 cm(D30), 40 cm(D40), 50 cm(D50) and sub-membrane drip irrigation(CK) on the yield and diurnal variation of photosynthesis during the flowering and boll stage of cotton were systematically analyzed. 【Result】①The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance presented a bimodal curve with different treatments, and the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of D30 treatment were higher than other treatments. ②The diurnal variation of intercellular CO2 concentration under different treatments showed a trend of "Beikou V-shaped" bimodal curve. The daily variation of transpiration rate showed a single-peak curve, and the maximum appeared at 14:00 h. ③The two-year average seed cotton yield and average lint yield with D30 treatment were the highest, which were 5 734.28 and 2 545.53 kg/hm^2, respectively. The seed cotton yield was 1.09%, 7.63% and 11.38% higher than CK, D40 and D50 treatments, respectively, and the lint yield was 3.49%, 8.32% and 1.61% higher than CK, D40 and D50 treatments, respectively.【Conclusion】According to the diurnal variation of daily photosynthetic characteristics and cotton yield effects, it is concluded that the trace irrigation technique with the tube buried depth of 30 cm is optimal in the cotton field in Alashan area, Inner Mongolia.