不同灌水方式对沙地枸杞土壤水分及产量的影响

【目的】确定根际环形多点源滴灌技术的应用效果。【方法】以陕北沙地枸杞为研究对象,采用小区灌水试验,将根际环形多点源滴灌与地表滴灌、涌泉根灌下对比,研究了不同灌水方式对土壤湿润锋垂直分布范围、土壤含水率、枸杞产量的影响。【结果】地表滴灌下69%的土壤湿润体位于地表0~20cm,涌泉根灌下72.2%的土壤湿润体位于根系主要分布层,根际滴灌下土壤湿润体100%位于枸杞主要根系层;地表滴灌和涌泉根灌、根际滴灌产量比不灌溉枸杞分别增产2 075、3 145、4 150 kg/m^2,水分利用率分别提高了22.4%、41.9%、60.2%;净收入高低排序为根际滴灌>涌泉根灌>地表滴灌,分别比不灌溉处理提高了193.1%、126.3%、81.2%,单位水产值达到了15.0、13.3、11.5元/m^3。【结论】根际环形多点源滴灌的水分湿润范围更适宜于沙质土壤的经济林,是减少地表蒸发损失和深层渗漏的有效技术措施,该技术在沙地经济林生产中有广阔的推广应用前景。

Effect of Different Irrigation Method on Sandy Soil Moisture and Yield of Wolfberry

【Objective】We aimed to determine the effect of circular multi-point source drip irrigation in rhizosphere.【Method】We studied the vertical distribution range of soil wetting front, soil moisture and yield of wolfberry under different irrigation methods of surface drip irrigation, bubble irrigation and circular multi-point source root drip irrigation using soil core method in Shenmu county located in north Shaanxi province.【Result】 69% of soil wetting zone distributed in 0~20 cm soil layer with surface irrigation, 72.2% distributed in main root layers with bubble irrigation, while the whole soil wetting zone distributed in main root layers with circular multi-point source root drip irrigation, respectively. The wolfberry yield had increased by 2 075 kg/hm^2, 3 145 kg/hm^2 and 4 150 kg/hm^2, water use efficiency had increased by 22.4%, 41.9% and 60.2%, net income had increased by 81.2%, 126.3% and 193.1%, water economic benefits had reached 11.5, 13.3 and 15.0 yuan/m^3 with surface drip irrigation, bubble irrigation and circular multi-point source root drip irrigation compared with those without irrigation.【Conclusion】The soil moisture wetting volume of circular multi-point source root drip irrigation is more suitable for economic forest in sandy soil, which is an effective technical measure to reduce surface evaporation and deep percolation, and it could be applied widely in economic forest in sandy soil.