麦园蜘蛛(Penthaleus sp.)及麦长腿蜘蛛(Petrobia latens(Müller))的生物学研究

1953—1955年在晋南、北京等地对麦园蜘蛛及麦长腿蜘蛛的发生规律及生活习性进行了研究。结果明确两种麦蜘蛛一年中:秋季密度最大时期为11月上、中旬。春季密度最大的时期,麦园蜘蛛在3月下旬至4月上旬;麦长腿蜘蛛在5月上旬前后。两种麦蜘蛛均以滞育卵越夏。直至10月中旬,越夏卵始孵化,孵化最盛在11月上旬,此时幼、若虫出现最多,若进行防治可基本上防止以后的猖獗。根据结果分析,估计麦园蜘蛛每年发生2—3代,麦长腿蜘蛛发生3—4代。室内饲育初步观察麦园蜘蛛一世代(从卵到产卵)历时平均约57.8天;麦长腿蜘蛛为32.1天。两种麦蜘蛛都是单性生殖。麦长腿蜘蛛的滞育卵,具多年滞育习性,初步观察有些卵能在土中生活两年。两种麦蜘蛛的分布和猖獗都受湿度的影响,主要猖獗为害地区麦长腿蜘蛛在黄河以北的旱地;麦园蜘蛛在黄淮地区的水浇地或低洼地。耕作栽培对麦蜘蛛的发生有重要影响;连作对两种麦蜘蛛发生有利;深耕能将卵翻至深土之下,可以减少发生;晚播影响麦蜘蛛孵化后的食料。因此,合理轮作、深耕和适当晚播是综合防治中的重要措施。

THE BIOLOGY OF THE ROUND WHEAT MITE (PENTHALEUS SP.) AND BROWN WHEAT MITE (PETROBIA LATENS (MÜLLER))

The round wheat mite (Penthaleus sp.) and brown wheat mite Petrobia latens (Müller)) are two of the most important pests in winter wdeat regions of North and East China.Ob-servations on their biology were conducted in Shensi and Peking from 1953-1955.The round wheat mite caused considerable damage to wheat and outbreak often occurred in irrigated wheat field.The overwintering eggs were hatched in February up to early March.Adults deposited their eggs on the root,stubble,or soil.Hatching occurred in 24 to 50 days.Nymphs and adults developed in late March to early April in large numbers.From late March to mid April new eggs were laid on stubble or soil.These summer eggs would not hatch until mid October.From late October to early November,large numbers of nymphs and adults were found damaging the wheat.The winter was passed as adults or eggs in wheat or barley fields or among grasses.There were two to three generations per year.The brown wheat mite caused a substantial amount of injury to the dry land wheat in North China.Detailed studies on the life history of this species had also been made.There were three to four generations per year,and the winter was passed as adults or eggs.Both species of mites were parthenogentic and no males had been found.Late sowing,deep plowing and crop rotation had been proved to be effective control measures.