北疆荒漠绿洲交接带农业生态系统最佳作物结构的研究

天山北坡冲洪积扇缘与老平原的交接带分布着较大面积的荒漠草场,这个地带光热充足,但干旱缺水,土壤脊薄盐碱重,为了科学合理地开发这片土地,在大田引种的基础上又进行了小区试验,研究了在省水省肥的条件下各种作物的投入产出,根据其经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,用不同的目标函数进行线性规划,建立了该地区农业生态系统最佳的作物结构。研究结果认为本地区的开发初期作物组成以苜蓿、玉米、大麦、甜菜为主体,种植比例为2:1:1:1,农牧结合,建立以草料和畜牧为主体的生态系统是较好的经营方向。

Study of a Aptimum Crop Structure of Agroecosystem in Connecting Belt of Desert and Oasis in Northen Xinjiang

There is larger area of desert steppe in connecting belt of al-pl-1 plain and edge of alluvial fen in northen slope of Tianshan meuntain. This zone abounds with sunlight and heat, but it is arid and the soil is poore and saline-alkline. In arder to exploit the land in this zone scientifically and reasanably the experiments in plots have been done as well as introducing fine varieties in farm land. The cost and production of each crop in the condition of saving water and fertilizer has been studied. According to economical benifit, ecological and social benifit, a linear programming has been done with different objective function, and a aptimum crop structure of agroceosystem in this zone has been established. The results obtained show that during primary exploiting stage in this zone the crop structure is mainly composed of alfalfa, corm, barley and sugar-beet which are in the ratio 2:1:1:1. To combine agriculture and animal husbandry and establish ecosystem of which the main body is animal husbandry and forage is a better direction of management.