行数与行距配置对带状条播小麦群体及个体质量的影响

为探索四川丘陵区机播带状小麦最优行数与行距配置方式及其播种机开沟器间距设计，2010-2012连续两年度，以紧凑型品种川农27和半紧凑型品种绵麦367为材料，在带宽2 m和150×10⁴ hm^-2固定密度下，以传统“双三零”模式(带宽2 m，20 cm等行距5行)为对照，设置每带3行和行距30 cm + 30 cm (F3-1)、每带3行和行距35 cm + 35 cm (F3-2)、每带3行和行距40 cm + 40 cm (F3-3)、每带4行和行距20 cm + 20 cm + 20 cm (F4-1)、每带4行和行距20 cm + 30 cm + 20 cm (F4-2)以及每带4行和行距20 cm + 40 cm + 20 cm (F4-3)等6种配置方式，研究其对田间通风透光和群体及个体质量的影响。结果表明，种植行数由5行减少到3或4行，同时增大行距后，孕穗期倒三叶位及基部透光率显著提高，群体内部空气流通加强。通风透光条件的改善显著提升了内行群体及个体质量，但对边行的影响较小，边行优势大幅削减，内行表现为成穗率提高，有效穗增多，孕穗到乳熟期叶面积消减速率减缓，干物质积累量增多，穗粒数、单穗重及产量提高。F3-3和F4-3处理的产量超过对照，是该地区带状机条播小麦行数与行距的最佳配置方式；F3-2和F4-2处理的产量与对照相当，但内行个体质量指标优于对照，也可替代传统“双三零”模式。

Effect of Number and Interspace of Planting Rows on Population and Individual Quality of Strip-Drilling Wheat

Winter wheat is widely planted in the hilly regions in southwest china, mainly in strip-relay-intercropping system. Wheat land is traditionally prepared in strips containing five equidistant rows. The objective of this study was to optimize the number and interspace of planting rows for land preparation using machines in the hilly regions in Sichuan Province, China. A two-year field experiment was carried out, using two plant-type cultivars, Chuannong 27 of the compact-short type and Mianmai 367 of the intermediate type. Under fixed strip width (2m) and planting density (150×10⁴ha^-1), six planting patterns were compared, which were traditional pattern (CK), three-row with 30cm+30cm intervals (F3-1), three-row with 35cm+35cm intervals (F3-2), three-row with 40cm+40cm intervals (F3-3), four-row with 20cm+20cm+20cm intervals (F4-1), four-row with 20cm+30cm+20cm intervals (F4-2), and four-row with 20 cm+40 cm+20 cm intervals (F4-3). The field aeration light transmission condition and quality of population and individual were surveyed at different growth stages.The results indicated that reduction of row number per strip and increase of row spacing resulted in higher light transmission rate at the top and basal parts of plant population at booting stage, and the circulation of air reinforced. With the improved aeration and light transmission condition, quality of population and individual and yield significantly increased, but those of edge row almost remained unchanged, thus the border advantage was cut down. Meanwhile, the related quality index of inner row showed that, spike setting rate and effective spike number increased, furthermore, the decline rate of leaf area greatly decreased from booting to milky stage, besides, the accumulation of dry weight increased, and then, grain per spike, spike weight and yield increased. Finally,higher yields were obtained in treatmentsF3-3 and F4-3 compared to CK. Therefore, treatments F3-3 or F4-3 had the optimum number and interspace of planting rows for mechanical sowing strip wheat in these regions. In addition, the yield of F3-2 and F4-2 was equivalent to that of CK, but most indexes of individual quality of inner rows were better than those of CK, so F3-2 and F4-2 could replace the traditional double-three-zero strip planting pattern, too.