稻麦轮作条件下秸秆单双季还田对麦田土壤肥力和速效养分含量的影响

[目的]为了探讨了秸秆还田对麦田土壤肥力和速效养分含量的影响。[方法]在稻麦一年两熟水旱轮作条件下,设置水稻、小麦秸秆单季还田和周年双季还田等处理,观察秸秆还田后小麦不同生育时期的土壤速效养分含量变化动态以及小麦收获后土壤基础肥力的变化。[结果]秸秆还田不同程度地提高了小麦各生育时期土壤速效养分含量,对土壤速效养分的供应起很好的补充作用;同时,秸秆还田增强了小麦中后期土壤速效养分的供应能力,更为下一个种植季提供了良好的肥力基础。其中,稻麦秸秆双季还田和稻草单季还田2个处理效果最明显。[结论]该研究为小麦高产栽培和秸秆科学还田提供理论基础。

Effects of Straw Alternative Returning on Soil Fertility and Available Nutrients in Wheat Field under Rice-Wheat Rotation System

[ Objective ] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rice and wheat straw-returning on soil fertility and available nu- trients in wheat field. [ Method] Under rice-wheat double cropping system, three treatments of straw application, rice-straw （RS） and wheat- straw （WS） returning in single season, rice-wheat straw （WR） returning in double season and no straw application （CK） were conducted. Ni- trate and ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in wheat field were determined. [ Result ] The results suggest that straw-returning could improve soil fertility through increase of organic matter, total nitrogen and available nutrients in wheat field. The contents of available nutrients were increased in varying degrees during what growing. The straw-returning make full use of the complementary role of availa- ble nutrients supply in wheat field. Moreover, the straw-returning enhanced available nutrients supply at middle and late stages of wheat growth so as to lay a good foundation for soil fertility in next season. The increasing was obvious under the treatment of rice-straw returning in single sea- son and rice-wheat straw returning in double season. [ Conclusion] The study can provide a scientific basis for high yield cultivation of wheat and scientific straw-returning.