生态条件及栽培方式对稻米RVA谱特性及蛋白质含量的影响

为明确稻米淀粉及蛋白质品质与生态条件、栽培方式及其互作的关系，采用随机区组多点试验设计，研究了秧龄和移栽方式对四川不同生态条件下稻米淀粉RVA谱特性和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明，生态条件、栽培方式及两者互作效应均对稻米淀粉RVA谱特征值有极显著影响。海拔高度与峰值黏度、回复值和糊化温度显著负相关；随灌浆结实期日均温度和日照时数降低，峰值黏度、热浆黏度和冷胶黏度均显著降低。秧龄和移栽方式的改变，均导致淀粉RVA谱特性的变化。秧龄不同，除糊化温度外，峰值黏度、热浆黏度和冷胶黏度等7项RVA谱特征值间存在明显差异，且峰值黏度和冷胶黏度均随秧龄的减小而降低。移栽方式不同，淀粉RVA谱特性也存在差异，单苗优化定抛处理的峰值黏度、热浆黏度和冷胶黏度均低于双苗手插处理。除糊化温度外，峰值黏度等7项特征值的互作效应均达极显著水平。通过变异系数可看出，生态条件和栽培方式对崩解值的影响最大，消减值次之，对峰值时间和糊化温度的影响最小。此外，籽粒蛋白质含量同样受生态条件影响，其与海拔高度呈显著正相关，与灌浆结实期日均温度和日照时数呈负相关关系。

Effects of Ecological Conditions and Cultivation Methods on Rice Starch RVA Profile Characteristics and Protein Content

In order to clarify the relations of ecological conditions, cultivation methods and their interactions with rice starch and protein qualities, the authors systematically studied the effects of cultivation methods on rice strach RVA profile and protein con-tent under different ecological conditions by using rice varieties II You 498 as material. The result showed that all of the ecologi-cal conditions, cultivation methods and interactions of them had a significant effect on the RVA profile of rice starch. With the raising of altitude and the reducing of average temperature and sunshine hours in 30 days after heading, the peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and cool paste viscosity of RVA depressed significantly. It was found that both of seedling age and transplanting methods caused RVA profile changes. The peak viscosity and cool paste viscosity of long seedling age were higher than those of short seedling age. Meanwhile, the peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and cool paste viscosity of the optimized-broadcasting rice treatment were lower than those of the double seedlings hand-transplanted treatment. Because of the interaction of ecological condition and cultivation method, all of the seven eigenvalue were strongly influenced, but pasting temperature. In addition, it was easy to discover that breakdown viscosity and setback viscosity were affected higher than peak time and pasting temperature, according to the coefficient of variation. Besides, all of the latitude, light and temperature conditions affected protein content se-riously. In conclusion, in order to get a better cooking and eating quality and rice yield under different ecological conditions, an appropriate cultivation method must be chosen.