我国部分冬小麦新品种（系）SSR标记遗传差异的研究

本研究利用53对SSR引物对全田1999－2000年北方冬麦区及黄淮冬麦区观察圃中选出的48个新品种（系）进行遗传差异研究，共检测出58个SSR位点上的367个等位变异，平均每个位点有6.33个等位变异，其中B组每个位点的等位变异最多，这表明B基因组化更快，分化更大。48个品种（系）在全基因组及A、B、D基因组聚类结果表明这些品种的相似系数聚类的范围较小，为0.75－0.98。全基因组聚类结果与品种的系谱来源及育成地区相吻合。研究结果表明我国冬小麦品种的种质基础相对较狭窄。加强不同来源种质的利用和特异亲本类型的培育对我国冬小麦遗传改良非常重要，利用5个多态性高的SSR标记就可以将这48个小麦新品种（系）区分开，每个品种（系）都有各自独特的指纹图谱。

Genetic Diversity of some Chinese New Winter Wheat Cultivars Detected by SSR Markers

Wheat genetic diversity is important for breeding program.Fifty-eight SSR markers (53 sets of SSR primers) were used to detect genetic diversity among 48 new elite winter wheat lines(cultivars)developed in recent years in China. Totally 367 alleles were revealed among 48cultivars in 58 SSR with the average of 6.33 alleles per SSR marker ;137 alleles / 23 SSR markers in genome A with the average of 5.96 alleles,121 alleles / 17 SSR markers with the average of 7.11 alleles in genome B,113 alleles / 18 SSR markers with the average of 6.28 alleles in genome D;The result,genome B(7.11)> genome D(6.28)> genome A(5.96) in average alleles per SSR,means evolution in genome B was faster and polymorphism in genome B is higher. Four dendrograms in total genome, genome A,B,and D are presented based on genetic similarity data on 58 SSR markers.Forty eight cultivars could be clustered together in genetic similarity range of 0.76～0.94 in total genome，0.75～0.92 in genome A,0.77～0.92 in genome B, and 0.76～0.98 in genome D.This result indicates that the germplasm bases of these new wheat cultivars in genome A,Band D,is relative narrow.All 48 new wheat cultivars or lines could bedistinguished by using 5 SSR markers;two cultivars,Nongda 3291 and Nongda 3330 could be distinguished although they were derived from same cross(3338/S180)and genetic similarity between them is 0.90.This result showed that SSR is a suitable tool to create cultivar fingerprint map for identifying cultivars and detecting genetic diversity.