大豆产量和产量构成因子及倒伏性的QTL分析

随机选取中豆29×中豆32重组自交系群体中165个家系作为2年田间试验材料，分析大豆单株产量、产量构成因子及倒伏性等性状的相关性和遗传效应，并检测各性状QTL。结果表明，38个与产量、产量构成因子及倒伏性状等有关的QTL，主要集中在C2、F和I连锁群。表型相关分析结果与QTL定位结果一致。在F连锁群上，2年均检测到倒伏QTL qLD-15-1，解释的表型变异超过20%，与百粒重和分枝荚数QTL分别位于相同和相邻标记区间，表明产量相关性状与倒伏性存在一定的关联。在I连锁群上，每荚粒数QTL和二、三、四粒荚数QTL不仅于同一位置，解释的表型变异为32%~65%，并且2个年份均重复出现，每荚粒数和四粒荚数QTL与二、三粒荚数QTL的增效基因分别来自不同的亲本。这4个粒荚性状QTL的共位性与表型相关分析结果一致，证实每荚粒数和四粒荚数与二、三粒荚数分别由不同的机制调控，对于育种上探讨以改良大豆粒荚性状为途径提高大豆产量，提供了重要依据。

QTL Analysis of Yield,Yield Components,and Lodging in Soybean

High-yield and stable-yield is the main goal of soybean breeding, but yield is a complex quantitative trait, which is very vulnerable to the environment. A total of 165 plants of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Zhongdou 29 and Zhongdou 32 were used to analyze the relationship of individual yield, yield components, lodging and the genetic effect, and to map the QTLs in two years. Thirty-eight QTLs for yield, seed and pod traits, and lodging related traits were detected by composite interval mapping (CIM) method, the majority of which were located on C2, F and I linkage groups. The QTL (qLD-15-1) for lodging on F linkage group was detected in both years, explaining over 20% of phenotypic variation, with the same or adjacent marker intervals to the QTLs for 100-seed weight and pods on branch, showing some correlation between yield related traits and lodging. On I linkage group, the QTLs for yield components of seeds per pod, two-seed-pods, three-seed-pods, and four-seed-pods were detected on the same position in two years, explaining 32–65% of phenotypic variation. The positive alleles of QTLs for seeds per pod, four-seed-pods, two-seed-pods and three-seed-pods were from different parents. The four QTLs for seed and pod traits mapped on the same position, which was consistent with the correlation analysis result of phenotypic traits, showing that the regulatory mechanisms of the four traits for seed and pod were different, which may provide an important basis for promotion of soybean yield by improving seed and pod traits.