贺兰山东西两麓酿酒葡萄越冬覆盖防寒措施效果对比

为了探讨覆盖防寒措施在贺兰山东西两麓冬季葡萄园的可用性，2019−2020年酿酒葡萄越冬期，以5a生赤霞珠品种为研究对象，在贺兰山东麓和西麓葡萄园分别设置草苫+大棚膜（T1）和PP黑膜+大棚膜（T2）两种覆盖越冬试验，以冬季埋土植株作为对照，通过监测不同处理地表和根区土壤温度变化，对比分析了两种覆盖技术在贺兰山东西两麓的越冬防寒效果。结果表明：（1）入冬以后两麓气温呈波动变化，期间出现多次低谷，受持续低温的累积影响，东麓和西麓地表土壤温度波动较大，呈先下降后上升的趋势；地下根区土壤温度稳定下降至1月15−24日开始缓慢升温。（2）试验期内，西麓的土壤温度低于东麓，且地表温度两麓差异大。T1处理和T2处理地表平均土壤温度东麓分别为−2.07℃和−1.96℃，西麓分别为−4.01℃和−3.65℃；根区平均土壤温度T1处理东麓平均为0.85℃，西麓为0.74℃，T2处理东麓和西麓平均温度分别为0.89℃和0.37℃。（3）采用两种覆盖措施，表层土壤温度升温不明显，根区土壤温度呈不同程度提高，东麓T1和T2处理分别比对照升温0.68℃和0.71℃，二者差异不显著，西麓T1处理比对照增温0.81℃，明显高于T2增温幅度（0.44℃）。因此，推荐两麓酿酒葡萄越冬期使用“草苫+大棚膜”覆盖防寒措施。

Comparison on Effect between Two Anti-Freezing Measures Taken for Wine Grape Overwintering in the East and West Foothills of Helan Mountain

Taking 5-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon varieties as research objects, the availability of protection measures was explored in winter vineyards in the eastern and western foothills of Helan Mountain. Two cover methods, “straw mulch with PVC film” and “PP black film with PVC film”, were set up in two vineyards of both foothills during the wine grape overwintering period from 2019 to 2020. The temperature increase effects of two cover measures were analyzed by monitoring the changes of soil temperature in the root zone and surface under different treatments, compared to a control treatment with traditional soil burial in winter. The results indicated that: (1) the temperature of the two foothills fluctuated after the beginning of winter, and there were several low valleys during the period. Under the cumulative influence of continuous low temperature, the surface soil temperature of the eastern and western foothills fluctuated greatly, showing a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing. Soil temperature in the underground root zone decreased steadily until January 15−24 and subsequently began to rise slowly. (2) During the test period, the soil temperature in the western side was lower than that in the eastern side, and the difference of surface temperature between the two sides was large. The mean surface soil temperatures of “straw mulch with PVC film (T1)”and “PP black film with PVC film (T2)” treatments were −2.07℃ and −1.96℃ in the eastern foothills, and −4.01℃ and −3.65℃ in the western foothills, respectively. The mean soil temperature in the root zone was 0.85℃ in the east and 0.74℃ in the west under T1 treatment, 0.89℃ in the east and 0.37℃ in the west under T2 treatment. (3)Compared to two coverage measures, the surface soil temperature was not significantly increased, while the root soil temperature was increased in different degrees. In the east side of the mountain, the temperatures of “straw mulch with PVC film (T1)”and “PP black film with PVC film (T2)”treatments were 0.68℃ and 0.71℃ higher than that of the control, respectively, and the difference was not obvious. In the west side, the temperature of T1 treatment was 0.81℃ higher than that of the control and significantly higher than increase range of T2 treatment (0.44℃). Therefore, “straw mulch with PVC film” was recommended measure for wine grape to against freeze during winter in both sides of Helan Mountain.