不同地区机械通风式密闭畜禽舍空气氨减排潜力分析

氨气是大气中唯一的碱性气体，减少氨排放对控制大气雾霾有重要作用，畜禽养殖业是重要的氨气排放源，科学评估不同环节的氨气排放量及减排潜力具有重要意义。本文根据文献资料总结了国内外不同畜禽养殖舍的氨排放因子情况、主要减排技术及效率，并结合第二次全国污染源普查获得的全国主要畜禽采用机械通风养殖场的数量和养殖量，对中国分地区、分畜种密闭式畜舍外排空气的氨减排潜力进行了分析。结果表明：中国机械通风畜舍外排空气氨气年减排潜力为26.56万t，主要来自生猪、蛋鸡和肉鸡三种畜禽，其减排潜力分别为10.18万t、7.73万t和6.75万t，三种畜禽舍减排潜力占比92.8%；从地区上看，主要可实施地区为华东区、中南区和华北区，氨气减排潜力分别占全国的35.1%、26.9%和14.9%。建议开展密闭式生猪、蛋鸡和肉鸡舍氨减排设施建设，可为全国氨减排和大气环境质量改善提供保障。

Analysis of Ammonia Mitigation Potential for Exhaust Air from Mechanical Ventilation Livestock Farms in Different Regions

Ammonia is the only alkaline gas in the atmosphere. Reducing ammonia emissions plays an important role in controlling atmospheric pollution. Livestock and poultry breeding industry is an important source of ammonia emissions. Scientific assessment of ammonia emissions and reduction potential in different links is of great significance. In this paper, the ammonia emission factors of different livestock and poultry breeding houses in China and abroad, the main emission reduction technologies and efficiency were summarized. Combined with the number of mechanical ventilation farms and the animal population of major livestock and poultry obtained from the second national pollution source census, the ammonia emission reduction potential of exhaust air from mechanical ventilation livestock farms in China was analyzed. The results show that the reduction potential of ammonia emission from mechanically ventilated livestock houses in China is 265.6 thousand tons; pigs, laying hens and broilers were the three main sources of livestock and poultry, and their emission reduction potential were 101.8 thousand tons, 77.3 thousand tons and 67.5 thousand tons, respectively. The emission reduction potential of the three livestock and poultry types accounted for 92.8 %. Regionally, the main implementing regions are East China, South Central and North China, with ammonia emission reduction potential accounting for 35.1%, 26.9% and 14.9%, respectively. It is proposed to carry out the construction of ammonia emission reduction facilities in mechanical ventilation barn of pig, laying hens and broiler, which can provide guarantee for the national ammonia emission reduction and the improvement of atmospheric environmental quality.