2021/2022年冬季气象条件对农业生产的影响

2021/2022年度冬季，全国平均气温为-3.2℃，接近常年同期，季内气温冷暖起伏显著，前冬暖后冬冷；冬季全国平均降水量为52.5mm，较常年同期偏少25%；全国平均日照接近常年，四川盆地东部较常年同期偏多。北方冬麦区大部光热条件好，多次出现大范围雨雪天气，大部墒情适宜，小麦安全越冬、黄淮南部正常返青；南方前冬大部光热充足，利于油菜、小麦、冬种作物以及经济林果等生长发育。1月下旬−2月，南方低温阴雨雪寡照严重，平均气温为2009年以来同期最低，降水量为1961年以来同期最多，持续低温雨雪冰冻寡照天气对油菜、露地蔬菜稳健生长不利，部分地区出现大到暴雪、1～3d日最低气温＜0℃的低温霜冻，造成部分简易设施温棚受损，作物受冻，经济林果的成熟采摘也受到影响。

Impacts Report of Meteorological Conditions on Agricultural Production in Winter of 2021/2022

In winter of 2021/2022, mean temperature was -3.2 ° C, closed to the normal, with temperature fluctuated significantly and the former winter was warmer and the latter colder. Precipitation in winter was 52.5mm less than 25 percent of normal. The time of sunshine approached usual, while the eastern Sichuan Basin was more than the normal. Warm and ample sunshine and good soil moisture benefited from widely rainfall stabilized or improved winter wheat in the Northern. Southern growing areas remained warm in the earlier winter, which provided positive production prospect for winter crops and fruit tree. From late January to February, seriously cold temperature and little illumination controlled the South. The average temperature was the lowest in the same period since 2009, and the precipitation had been the most since 1961. Regional continuously low temperature accompanied by rain, snow and freezing weather all were unfavorable to the growth of rapeseed and vegetable in the field. Therefore partial simple facilities greenhouse had damaged and crops frozen, vegetables and fruits ripening had also affected due to regional heavy to storm snows and 1-3 days of daily minimum temperature < 0℃ frost.