紫色土丘陵区不同种植模式下团聚体分形特征

选择紫色土丘陵区5种种植模式,分层(0～20,20～40 cm)采集土壤样品,对土壤团聚体分布、团聚体水稳性和分形特征进行研究.结果表明:不同种植模式下团聚体分布和水稳性差异明显,＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量和团聚体稳定性指数(ASI)表明团聚体水稳性从高到低依次为自然生草地,横坡玉米,南方早熟梨+苜蓿,桑基+农作物,柑橘+鸭茅草;0～20 cm土层团聚体水稳性较20～40 cm团聚体高.湿筛后团聚体的分形维数(y2)与＞5 mm(x3),＞0.25 mm(x4)水稳性团聚体含量回归方程为y2=-1.186x3+0.636x4,相关系数达极显著水平.风干土团聚体分形维数与粉粒和粘粒含量呈正相关,而水稳性团聚体分形维数则与之呈负相关;有机质含量高的土壤结构较好,分形维数较小.因此,可以通过横坡耕作和农林复合经营提高土壤团聚体稳定性,减轻和防治水土流失.

Abstract：

Soil samples from different profiles (0～20 and 20～40 cm) were collected from 5 cropping patterns, and the distribution and water stability of soil aggregates and their fractal features were studied.The results indicated that aggregate distribution and water stability were distinctly different with cropping patterns. The content of ＞0. 25 mm water stable aggregates and aggregate stability index (ASI) were in the order of natural grassland, southern precocity pear + alfalfa, mulberry hedgerow intercropping, orange + Dactylis glomerata L.; aggregates from the 0～20 cm profile were more stable than those from 20 ～40 cm. The regression equation of the fractal dimension of aggregates after wet sieve (y2) and the content of ＞5 mm (x3) and ＞0.25 mm (x4) water stable aggregates was y2 =- 1. 186x3+0. 636x4, with a highly significant correlation. The fractal dimension of air-dry aggregates was positively correlated with the contents of silt and clay, but the fractal dimension of water stable aggregates was negatively correlated with them. Soils with higher organic matter content had better structure and lower fractal dimension. Therefore, soil and water conservation could be done through horizontal cropping and agriculture-forest management for such practices can enhance water stability of aggregates.

Fractal Features of Aggregates under Different Cropping Patterns in Hilly Region of Purple Soil