基于DEM的土地利用类型与地形因子关系研究——以重庆市酉阳县麻旺镇为例

运用等高线数字化生成的数字高程模型(DEM),从中提取出研究区的高程和坡度数据,通过与土地利用现状数据的叠加分析得到在不同高程和坡度下的土地利用分布情况,并对土地利用类型与地形因子进行相关分析.研究结果表明:灌溉水田主要集中在高程300～400 m的区域,旱地则主要分布在高程300～600 m区域,并随海拔的升高而减少;灌溉水田、桑园、农村居民点均随着坡度的增加而减少,旱地、有林地、荒草地的分布则存在随着坡度增加而增加的趋势;灌溉水田、园地、农村居民点三个土地利用类型在不同坡度、不同高程的面积比例变化趋势具有高度相似性,在丘陵和低山地貌类型区域,坡度因子对耕地利用变化的影响程度最大.

Abstract：

Elevation and slope data were extracted from DEM (digital elevation model) generated by digital contour, and information about land use distribution was obtained through overlay analysis of present land use data and elevation and slope data. Then correlation analysis was made between land-use types and terrain factors. The results showed that irrigated paddy fields were mainly distributed on the elevation of 300-400 m and non-irrigated farmland was mainly distributed on the elevation of 300-600 m, decreasing with increasing elevation; irrigated paddy fields, mulberry gardens and rural residential areas decreased with increasing slope while the distribution of non-irrigated farmland, forest land and wild grassland showed an opposite trend; the tendency of change in the proportion of area with different slopes and elevations was highly similar among irrigated paddy fields, mulberry gardens and rural residential areas; and the factor of slope had the greatest influence on the change in land use in regions with geomorphic terrain features of hills and low mountains.